ABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: The validity of the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need [ICON] which is an orthodontic index developed and introduced in 2000 should be studied in different ethnic groups
Purpose: The aim of this study was to perform an analysis on the ICON and to verify whether this index is valid for assessing both the need and complexity of orthodontic treatment in Iran
Materials and Method: Five orthodontists were asked to score pre-treatment diagnostic records of 100 patients with a uniform distribution of different types of malocclusions determined by Dental Health Component of the Index of Treatment Need. A calibrated examiner also assessed the need for orthodontic treatment and complexity of the cases based on the ICON index as well as the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need [IOTN]. 10 days later, 25% of the cases were re-scored by the panel of experts and the calibrated orthodontist
Results: The weighted kappa revealed the inter-examiner reliability of the experts to be 0.63 and 0.51 for the need and complexity components, respectively. ROC curve was used to assess the validity of the index. A new cut-off point was adjusted at 35 in lieu of 43 as the suggested cut-off point. This cut-off point showed the highest level of sensitivity and specificity in our society for orthodontic treatment need [0.77 and 0.78, respectively], but it failed to define definite ranges for the complexity of treatment
Conclusion: ICON is a valid index in assessing the need for treatment in Iran when the cut-off point is adjusted to 35. As for complexity of treatment, the index is not validated for our society. It seems that ICON is a well-suited substitute for the IOTN index
ABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: Orthodontists often find challenges in treating the anterior open bite and maintaining the results
Purpose: This retrospective study was aimed to evaluate the stability of corrected open bite in the retention phase during permanent dentition
Materials and Method: A total number of 37 patients, including 20 males and 17 females, with the mean age of 18 +/- 2.1 years at the beginning of the treatment were studied after correction of the anterior open bite. Overbites of the patients were measured from their lateral cephalograms before [T[1]], at the end [T[2]] and at least 3 years after the end of the treatment in the presence of their fixed retainers [T[3]].The mean overbite changes and the number of patients with open bite, due to treatment relapse, at T[3] were calculated. The relationship between the pre-treatment factors and the treatment relapse was assessed at T[1] and T[2]. Also the effects of treatment methods, extraction and adjunctive use of removable appliances on the post-treatment relapse were evaluated
Results: The mean overbite change during the post-treatment period was -0.46 +/- 0.7 mm and six patients [16.2%] had relapse in the follow-up recall. Cephalometric Jaraback index showed statistically significant, but weak correlation with overbite changes after the treatment [p= 0.035; r= -0.353]. No significant difference was found between the extraction and non-extraction groups [p= 0.117] the use and the type of the removable appliances [p= 0.801]
Conclusion: Fixed retainers alone are insufficient for stabilizing the results of corrected open bite. The change of overbite in the retention phase could not be predicted from cephalometric measurements. Extraction and use of adjunctive removable appliance did not have any effect on the treatment relapse
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to compare the tooth size discrepancy as a factor of skeletal malocclusion in orthodontic patient population of Shiraz. The study employed the pretreatment models of 200 patients, which were selected through a random available sampling method. The mesiodistal dimensions of teeth were measured by digital electron calipers [accurate to 0.01 mm] and the Bolton indices were determined. The study population was divided into four malocclusion groups according to Angle classification [Class I, Class II Div 1, Class II Div 2 and Class III]. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan tests by SPSS software and the level of significance was p<0.05. The mean anterior ratio [79.01] of the total malocclusion group had a statistically significant difference with that of Bolton [77.2] but no significant difference was found for the overall ratio. The posterior and overall ratios of Class III malocclusion group were statistically greater than the other malocclusion groups. However, regarding the anterior ratio, the Class III group had a greater mean than Class II with no difference with Class I malocclusion group. Comparing the two types of Class II malocclusion for ratios, no significant differences were observed
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Malocclusion , CephalometryABSTRACT
A co-ordinate proportion between the mesiodistal width of the upper and lower teeth is necessary for achieving of an ideal occlusion. The purpose of this study was to compare the anterior tooth size width in case of unilateral and bilateral maxillary lateral incisors agenesis. The study samples comprised of 41 pairs of pretreatment orthodontic models with unilateral [eighteen patients; 10 females, 8 males] and bilateral [twenty three; 13 females and 10 males] absence of maxillary lateral incisors. The mean age was 18.4 and 16.2 years, respectively. Bolton index and divine proportion were used for measurement. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. In both unilateral and bilateral absence of maxillary lateral incisors, The Bolton index showed maxillary insuffiency. In bilateral cases, Bolton index was closer to the Bolton mean than in cases with absence of unilateral maxillary later incisors. In both groups, the obtained Bolton index was confirmed by evaluating the divine proportion of the maxillary and mandibular central incisors. The result of this study can be seen in the treatment planning of cases with maxillary lateral incisors agenesis, whether to open or close the space in patients having missing maxillary lateral incisors
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Congenital Abnormalities , Incisor/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
Before 1979, there were only 5 undergraduate dental schools in Iran with a total admission of 200 students per year, and only 2,000 dentists and about 50 specialists practicing in the country. Currently, there are 18 dental schools with a total admission of 750 undergraduate students, 5 postgraduate programs in 10 disciplines with a total of 100 students, more than 11,000 dentists [1 dentist per 5,500 population] and nearly 1,000 specialists in the country. Two new schools have recently begun offering specialty training courses in 2 disciplines. The length of the dentistry curriculum is 6 years. Students take general and basic science courses during the first 2 years, then continue on the predental and dental courses for the remaining 4 years. The curriculum has been revised over the past 20 years to establish intership and specialty programs and introduce courses reflecting current trends in the dental profession. Dental services in Iran are provided by both public and private sectors. Oral health care was integrated into the Public Health Care network by 1997, and 4 levels of a Dental Health Care Delivery System were established. The first level is concerned with primary prevention at 'health houses', where auxiliary health workers called 'behvarzes' provide periodic examinations, referrals, and oral health education. At the next level, oral hygienists and dentists in 'health centers' perform basic oral health care services such as fillings, scaling, and extraction. At the third level, dentists manage and treat oral diseases in 'urban health centers', while the last level is for advanced treatment by specialists in university health centers in the cities