in silico chimeric vaccine targeting breast cancer containing inherent adjuvant

Today, Lack of efficient therapeutic strategy for breast cancer [the most common cause of death in women] is one of the momentous problematic topics for all health care committees. Designing new specific vaccine, based on antigens located on the surface of cancer cells can be useful. Over expression of ROR1, lacked of HER2/neu, and hormone receptors on cell surface in the breast cancer, introduce this protein as an appropriate candidate for designing cancer vaccine. We hypothesized the extracellular domain of receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 1 [ROR-1] along with a super antigen such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B could be a potent vaccine for drug resistant breast cancer. Here, we assessed the findings of bioinformatics analysis to identify the antitumor immune properties of this chimeric construct. In addition, the stability, physic-chemical properties and allergic potency of designed fusion protein were investigated by valid bioinformatics software. Our result suggested that chimeric model is capable to be a stimulant of both T-cell and B- cell mediated immune responses with an acceptable accessibility and solubility but without any allergenicity. The ROR-1 with an enterotoxin B could be a potent vaccine for breast cancer

Prevalence of exfoliative toxin A and B genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens

The pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus is based on the production of various virulence factors. The frequency of these factors can markedly differ according to the geographical region. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of two frequent isoforms of exfoliative toxins and mecA genes using PCR in 197 clinical isolates obtained from clinical samples during the years 2011 and 2012. The samples were obtained from an educational hospital in northern Tehran, Iran. In addition, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern was studied for each isolate using the disc diffusion method. In this study, 186 [94.4%], 15 [7.6%] and 172 [86.3%] of the 197 isolates expressed the eta, etb and mecA genes, respectively. In addition, 164 [88.2%] and 12 [80%] strains, which harbored the eta and etb genes, respectively, were MRSA [methicillin resistant S, aureus]. Furthermore, the prevalence of the mecA, eta and etb genes was higher among the wound samples [61.2%, 55.8% and 6.09%, respectively]. We observed high rates of MDR [multi drug resistance] among our isolates. A significant correlation was detected between the presence of the mecA gene and the resistance to oxacillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, clindamycin, and cephazolin as well as the multi-drug resistant property [P<0.05]. In addition to penicillin, the MDR properties and resistances to the tested antibiotics in the etb-positive strains were significantly lower compared to the etb-negative strains [P< 0.05]. The prevalence of the eta, etb and mecA genes might be due to the specific geographic region

High level of gentamicin resistance [HLGR] among enterococcus strains isolated from clinical specimens

Enterococci are pathogens that can cause nosocomial infections and acquire resistance properties via several molecular mechanisms. The aac [6']Ie-aph[2"]Ia gene plays a significant role in the emergence of high-level gentamicin-resistant [HLGR] strains. The screening of resistant strains and the provision of appropriate antibiotic therapy can decide the outcome of serious nosocomial infections. In the present study, 142 enterococci were isolated from patients, and the species were identified using standard methods. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the disc diffusion method, and the minimum inhibition concentration [MIC] of gentamicin was determined according to the broth micro-dilution method. Additionally, PCR was utilized to detect the aac[6']Ie-aph[2"]Ia gene, the presence of which was confirmed by digestion with Sca1 and sequencing. Of the 142 isolates, 62 [43.7%] were found to exhibit the HLGR phenotype. All except one of the HLGR isolates contained the aac[6']Ie-aph[2"]Ia gene. The prevalence of resistance to other antibiotics and multi-drug resistance [MDR] was higher among the HLGR isolates compared to the non-HLGR isolates. Our results indicate that high prevalence rates of MDR and HLGR enterococci are an important problem associated with medical treatment. Furthermore, the presence of the aacaacaac[6']Ie-aph[2"]Ia gene was shown to correspond to the presence of the HLGR phenotype among enterococci