Relationship between salivary alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity and the concentrations of salivary calcium and phosphateions

Although salivary alkaline phosphatase [ALP] can balance de- and remineralization processes of enamel, there is no evidence regarding its effects on the concentrations of calcium and phosphate in saliva. The present study aims to determine the relationship between salivary ALP activity and the concentrations of calcium and phosphate in saliva. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated salivary markers in 120 males, ages 19 to 44 years. All participants provided 5 mL of unstimulated whole saliva and the level of enzyme activity as well as calcium and phosphate concentrations were measured using a colorimetric method. Data were gathered and analyzed by statistical package for social sciences [SPSS] 13.00 using Pearson correlation test. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean age of participants in the present study was 32.95 +/- 8.09 years. The mean pH of saliva was 6.65 +/- 0.62. Salivary parameters included average ALP activity [5.04 +/- 1.866 U/dL], calcium [4.77 +/- 0.877 mg/dL] and phosphate [10.38 +/- 2.301 mg/dL]. Pearson correlation test showed no significant relationship between ALP activity and calcium and phosphate concentrations in saliva [p>0.05]. According to the results of the present study, there was no significant relation between salivary ALP activity and calcium and phosphate concentrations in saliva. However, further research is highly recommended

Levels of Salivary Antioxidant Vitamins and Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Healthy Individuals / 전남의대학술지

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucosal disease of unknown etiology. Many studies have implicated the protective role of antioxidants in such diseases. The aim of this study was to compare salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC and malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant vitamin (vitamin s A, C and E) levels in patients with erosive OLP and healthy individuals. Thirty six patients with OLP (14 males, 22 females) and 36 control subjects (15 males, 21 females), matched for age and sex were enrolled in this case control study. The salivary levels of MDA, TAC, and antioxidant vitamin levels were measured in both case and control groups. The salivary level of MDA was significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients than in controls. In patients with OLP, the TAC of saliva was significantly lower than that in healthy subjects (p<0.001). Compared with controls, the levels of salivary antioxidant vitamins were significantly decreased in patients with OLP (p<0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was found between the decrease in the salivary amount of vitamin C and that in vitamin E in patients and controls. In addition to the lower salivary levels of antioxidant vitamins and the lower TAC, the higher level of MDA in patients with OLP suggests that free radicals and the resulting oxidative damage may be important in the pathogenesis of OLP lesions.

Levels of Salivary Antioxidant Vitamins and Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Healthy Individuals / 전남의대학술지

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucosal disease of unknown etiology. Many studies have implicated the protective role of antioxidants in such diseases. The aim of this study was to compare salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC and malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant vitamin (vitamin s A, C and E) levels in patients with erosive OLP and healthy individuals. Thirty six patients with OLP (14 males, 22 females) and 36 control subjects (15 males, 21 females), matched for age and sex were enrolled in this case control study. The salivary levels of MDA, TAC, and antioxidant vitamin levels were measured in both case and control groups. The salivary level of MDA was significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients than in controls. In patients with OLP, the TAC of saliva was significantly lower than that in healthy subjects (p<0.001). Compared with controls, the levels of salivary antioxidant vitamins were significantly decreased in patients with OLP (p<0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was found between the decrease in the salivary amount of vitamin C and that in vitamin E in patients and controls. In addition to the lower salivary levels of antioxidant vitamins and the lower TAC, the higher level of MDA in patients with OLP suggests that free radicals and the resulting oxidative damage may be important in the pathogenesis of OLP lesions.

[Comparison of the anti-caries effect of polyphenol extract of green tea with 0.05% fluoride, 0.2% chlorhexidine and fluoride-chlorhexidine, an in vitro study]

Mouth rinses beside the other methods have an important role in reducing dental caries. The aim of this study was in-vitro comparison of the anti-caries effect of polyphenol extract of green tea with 0.05% fluoride, 0.2% cholorhexidine and fluoridecholorhexidine. In this laboratory experimental study, 50 maxillary premolars were placed separately in tubes which contained cariogenic solution [streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus and 3 ml sucrose solution of 20%]. Each tube regarding the rinse solution was placed in 5 experimental groups [n=10] as follows: 1] normal saline, 2] 10% solution of green tea polyphenol extract, 3] 0.05% fluoride, 4] 0.2% cholorhexidine and 5] fluoride_cholorhexidine. Every 24 hours, the teeth were rinsed with 5 mL of the rinse. After 21 hours, the depth of decay was measured by polarized light microscope. Data were analyzed by SPSS V 13.0 software using Colmogrove Smirnove, One way ANOVA and Tukey tests. The mean and standard deviation of the depth of the caries in group 1 to 5 were 194 +/- 16.43, 175 +/- 17.94, 142 +/- 9.34, 155 +/- 13.27, and 144 +/- 8.57, respectively. One way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences between the groups [P<0.001]. Tukey test showed that although there was no significant difference in the depth of the caries between groups 1 and 2 [P=0.205], it was significantly less than groups 3 to 5 [P<0.001]. There were no significant differences between the depth of the caries in group 3, 4 and 5. According to the results of the current study, the anti-caries effect of flouride_cholorhexidine was the greatest between the groups. As the anti cariogenic effect of green tea was similar to that of normal saline and significantly less than fluoride or chlorhexidine, its use as a common mouth rinse needs more research

[Evaluation of yoghurt with probiotics effect on salivary IgA concentration]

Probiotics have been associated to various benefits on oral health, partially through regulation of local immunity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotics on salivary IgA. This randomized, triple-blind trial was conducted on 40 healthy non-smoker volunteers. The subjects were assigned to two age- and sex-matched groups ingesting 200 g of a regular yoghurt [control] or a yoghurt containing probiotic bacteria [treatment group] once daily for 8 weeks. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from the subjects at weeks 0, 4 and 8 of trial and total salivary IgA concentration was determined using ELISA. Saliva volume was measured and salivary IgA secretion rate was calculated. The differences in IgA means were statistically analyzed by repeated measurments [alpha=0.05]. Over the trial period, no significant changes were found among the salivary IgA concentrations of control group; however, treatment group presented a non-significant increase [P>0.05]. There were not significant differences in concentration and secretion rate between two groups at each time point of study [P>0.05]. Within the limitations of this study, an 8-week period daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt could not alter the salivary IgA concentrations, although it persuades an increase trend in salivary IgA secretion rate

[Report of an extensive maxillary perforation resulting from mucormycosis and its treatment]

Mucormycosis is a rare and invasive fungal infection with a high mortality that usually affects immunocompromised patients. The major route of infection is inhalation. An extensive necrotic ulcer in the mouth could be indicative of fungal invasion. A 67-year-old woman was visited in the department of Oral Medicine of Hamadan dental school with perforation and extensive and progressive ulcer in palate from 2 month ago. The patient had a history of swelling in the face and proptosis in the right eye from five months ago. Lab tests revealed an uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Biopsy was carried out under clinical diagnosis of deep fungal infection and final diagnosis was mucormycosis. Early detection of mucormycosis could increase survival rate. Therefore, dentists can play an important role in primary diagnosis of the lesions. Systemic diseases could also be diagnosed and referred for treatment by the dentists