ABSTRACT
Aims@#Maternal vaginal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization is considered a risk factor for preterm delivery and, consequently, neonatal infections. Previous studies have portrayed the important roles of these virulence factors, including hemolytic pigment, hyaluronidase (HylB), serine-rich protein (Srr) and bacterial surface adhesion of GBS (BsaB) in mediating GBS colonization and intrauterine ascending infection, causing preterm delivery. This study aimed to investigate the association between mRNA expression of virulence genes in GBS isolates obtained from symptomatic pregnant women and preterm delivery.@*Methodology and results@#GBS isolates were obtained from high vaginal swabs of 40 symptomatic pregnant women of gestational age of less than 37 weeks. RNA was extracted from these GBS isolates and RT-qPCR was performed to determine the relative mRNA expression of GBS virulence genes, including CylE (encode enzyme required for the biosynthesis of the hemolytic pigment), HylB, Srr-1 and BsaB. Socio-demographic details and obstetric history were not found to be associated with the delivery outcomes of these women. The GBS isolates from symptomatic pregnant women who delivered prematurely showed a higher expression of CylE gene and a trend towards an elevated expression of HylB gene compared to women with term delivery. Meanwhile the expression of both Srr-1 and BsaB genes was similar between symptomatic pregnant women who had term or preterm delivery.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The results suggest that following vaginal colonization, both CylE and HylB genes are likely to contribute to intrauterine ascending infection and inflammation, leading to preterm delivery in humans. These virulence factors may be targeted for the pre-clinical stages of vaccine development or therapeutic intervention.
Subject(s)
Pregnant WomenABSTRACT
Uterine rupture is a rare life-threatening complication. It mainly occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy and is rarely seen during the first or second trimesters. Our centre experienced three important cases of uterine rupture. First case: spontaneous uterine rupture at 14 weeks of pregnancy, which was diagnosed at autopsy. It was misled by the ultrasound finding of an intrauterine pregnancy, and searching for other non-gynaecological causes delayed the urgent obstetric surgical management. Second case: ruptured uterus at 24 weeks following medical termination due to foetal anomaly. It was diagnosed only at laparotomy indicated for failed medical termination and chorioamnionitis. Third case: uterine rupture at 21 weeks of pregnancy in a patient with gastroenterology symptoms. In these reports, we have discussed the various risk factors, presentations, course of events and difficulties in diagnosing uterine rupture. The study concludes that the clinical presentation of uterine ruptures varies. It occurs regardless of gestational age. Ultrasound findings of intrauterine pregnancy with free fluid do not exclude uterine rupture or ectopic pregnancy. Searching for non-gynaecological causes in such clinical presentations might delay crucial surgical intervention, which leads to unnecessary morbidity, mortality or loss of obstetrics function.
ABSTRACT
A 30-years-old Taiwanese female in her second pregnancy spontaneously conceived a monochorionic twin pregnancy. A routine ultrasound at 27 weeks of gestation revealed a selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) fetus and an appropriate gestational age (AGA) fetus. The AGA fetus was found to have a fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein (FIUV) varix. Serial ultrasounds showed no changes in the FIUV varix. 2 weeks later, the pregnancy progressed to twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Repeated amnioreductions were required at 29 and 30 weeks gestation. The babies were delivered by caesarean section at 31 weeks due to fetal distress in the sIUGR fetus. Both fetuses survived the neonatal period with problems of prematurity. The FIUV varix disappeared a few days after delivery.