ABSTRACT
Cutaneous dendritic cells (DCs), Langerhans cells (LCs) and dermal dendritic cells (DDCs), are present in an immature state. The maturation of DCs is crucial for initiating an immune response. Since HLA-DM has an important role for antigen presentation, an increase in HLA-DM expression according to the maturation of blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), which have similar characteristics with DDCs, is expected. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether or not HLA-DM expression in MoDCs is related to maturation at each culture day (from day 0 to day 13) by flow cytometry. This was compared with the functional changes related to the maturation of MoDCs. MoDCs were generated by culturing human peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days, which were followed by subsequent treatment with a cytokine cocktail (GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and PGE2) for the maturation of MoDCs. The intracellular HLA-DM was expressed in the immature MoDC. A sudden 3 to 8 fold increase in the intracellular HLA-DM expression was observed after treatment with a cytokine cocktail. HLA-DM was weakly expressed on the surface of the immature MoDC, but it seemed to be decreased with maturation. This study indicated that the intracellular HLA-DM expression increased, but not on the MoDC surface during maturation. This was despite the fact that HLA-DM expression was noted not only on the surface but also in the intracellular in the MoDC.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dendritic Cells/immunology , Endocytosis , Flow Cytometry , HLA-D Antigens/analysis , Monocytes/physiologyABSTRACT
Verruciform xanthoma is a rare benign lesion characterized by verrucous epidermal hyperplasia with aggregates of foam cells in dermal papillae. The pathogenesis is still unknown. Although most verruciform xanthoma tend to occur as isolated lesions, several have been associated with other conditions including squamous cell carcinoma and epidermal atypia. We describe a case of verruciform xanthoma associated with epidermal atypia.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Foam Cells , Hyperplasia , XanthomatosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a broad spectrum of clinical diseases having proliferation of Langerhans cells in common. LCH may be manifested in a variety of ways, ranging from a spontaneously regressing skin lesion to a multisystemic life-threatening disorder. Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis is widely regarded as a limited form of LCH. It is present at birth or shortly thereafter and involute spontaneously. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of LCH in children. METHODS: Six children with LCH were investigated clinically and histopathologically. Immunostains were performed with CD1a and S100 antibodies in 5 cases using paraffin-embedded sections and an electron microscopic examination was done in 1 case. RESULTS: Among the 6 cases of LCH, 4 cases were confined to the skin, and 2 cases showed internal organ involvement. All LCH confined to the skin showed resolution of the skin lesion in 1 year, and 2 cases involving internal organ showed bad prognosis. Histopathological findings showed large histiocytes with eosinophilic cytoplasm in common. Immunohistochemical stains (5 cases) showed positive reactions with CD1a and S-100, and electron- microscopical observation in one case demonstrated laminated dense bodies. There was no significant histopathological or immunohistochemical difference between LCH confined to the skin which showed resolution of lesions and LCH involving internal organs with grave prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical types of Langerhans cell histiocytosis could not be differentiated only from the histopathological findings of the skin. The distinction between Langerhans cell histiocytosis confined to the skin showing spontaneous resolution and congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis remains to be clarified.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Antibodies , Coloring Agents , Cytoplasm , Eosinophils , Histiocytes , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell , Langerhans Cells , Parturition , Prognosis , SkinABSTRACT
Nevus anemicus is a congenital anomaly characterized by pale macules of varying size and shape, and it is due to the increased sensitivity of blood vessels to catecholamines. However, the clinical features of nevus anemicus are not yet fully established. A clinical observation was made analyzing 26 cases of nevus anemicus over a 10-year period. Histopathological investigation in 6 cases, stain with Fontana-Masson in 4 cases, irradiation of ultraviolet B in 5 cases, digital infrared thermal imaging in 5 cases and color analysis using true-color imaging in 12 cases were also performed. The results were as follows: 1. The ratio of men to women was 1.2:1. The lesions were mostly(80%) present before the age of 18, but only 15% of the patients' lesions were present at birth. 2. The lesions were most frequently found on the face(33.3%) and neck(33.3%), followed by the chest(14.8%), lower extremities(7.4%) and back(7.4%). 3. Most patients(92.3%) had a single lesion. The extent of the lesions did not exceed 10% of the body surface area and the lesions did not show any progression or resolution. 4. The stainability of Fontana-Masson in nevus anemicus lesions showed no significant change compared with perilesional normal skin. 5. Irradiation of ultraviolet B ray(minimal erythemal dose to 80mJ/cm2) did not induce erythema on nevus anemicus lesions. 6. There was no significant temperature difference between nevus anemicus lesions and perilesional normal skin. 7. There was no significant correlation between chrominance and age. In conclusion, nevus anemicus in Korea shows the same incidence in both sexes, it usually arises at birth or childhood, but it may also develop later in life. Most patients show focal lesions that do not progress or resolve.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Blood Vessels , Body Surface Area , Catecholamines , Erythema , Incidence , Korea , Nevus , Parturition , SkinABSTRACT
Nevus sebaceus has a well-documented neoplastic potential, and multiple tumors arising in nevus sebaceous have been reported. However, the development of three or more tumors is extremely rare. We report a case of nevus sebaceus in a 56-year-old male associated with basal cell carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma and eccrine hidrocystoma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Basal Cell , Carcinoma, Verrucous , Hidrocystoma , NevusABSTRACT
Sebaceous hyperplasia is not a rare disorder and commonly develops on the face over the age of forty. The typical clinical manifestations are 2 ~ 3mm sized, single or multiple, soft protuberant yellowish nodules with central umbilication and histology shows a group of mature sebaceous lobules and central sebaceous ducts. We report an exceptionally "giant" size of sebaceous gland hyperplasia which lead us to such clinical impressions as an acrochordon, intradermal nevus, and verruca vulgaris. Histologically, the lesion showed a greatly enlarged sebaceous gland composed of numerous lobules grouped around a wide sebaceous duct. Besides the extraordinarily large size of the nodule, the benign proliferating pattern led us to a diagnosis of giant sebaceous hyperplasia.
Subject(s)
Diagnosis , Hyperplasia , Nevus, Intradermal , Sebaceous Glands , WartsABSTRACT
No abstract available.
ABSTRACT
Behcet's disease occurs with a high prevalence in the Far East including Korea. In this report we inspected 1,155 patients with Behcet's disease and collected information concerning the clinical and epidemiologic features of Behcet's disease in Korea. In summary, patients in their 30s were the most common, with the most common age of onset in the 20s; the sex ratio was 0.63:1 with female predominance; according to revised Shimizu's classification, the order of frequency of the different types was incomplete (38.2%), suspected (25.4%), possible (20.3%) and complete (16.1%); oral ulcers were the most frequent major symptom (97.5%) and the most common initial symptom (78.5%); erythema nodosum-like lesion (55.3%) was the most common type of skin lesion; a seasonal aggravation of the disease was observed in 21.3% of patients; and the most common type of childhood onset Behcet's disease was suspected type.