Effect of Color of Light Emitting Diode on Development of Fruit Body in Hypsizygus marmoreus

This study was conducted to identify a suitable color of light for development of the fruit body in Hypsizygus marmoreus. To accomplish this, samples were irradiated with blue (475 nm), green (525 nm), yellow (590 nm), or red (660 nm) light emitting diodes (LEDs) to induce the formation of fruiting bodies after mycelia growth. The diameter and thickness of the pileus and length of stipes in samples subjected to blue LED treatment were similar to those of subjected to fluorescent light (control), and the lengths of the stipes were highest in response to treatment with the red LED and darkness. The commercial yields of plants subjected to blue and green LED treatment were similar to those of the control. In conclusion, cultivation of H. marmoreus coupled with exposure to blue LED is useful for inducing high quality fruit bodies as well as higher levels of ergosterol, DPPH radical scavenging activity, total polyphenol content and reducing power.

Cultural Characteristics of a Seedborne Fungus, Bipolaris spicifera Detected from Imported Grass Seeds into Korea

The study on the cultural characteristics of Bipolaris spicifera was conducted to provide with information for the identification, and inoculation studies, etc. B. spicifera grew well at 30~35degrees C and wide range of pH 5.0~9.0. However, the fungal growth was retarded at pH 4.0 and 10.0, respectively. Conidia were germinated with 70% at 30degrees C but maintained 50% germination even at 40degrees C, indicating that this pathogen could infect plants at relatively high temperature. The pathogen could not produce conidia under 24 hr fluorescent light condition for 7 days. In contrast, it produced many more conidia at 24 hr dark condition.

Acquired Unilateral Night Blindness

Night blindness is not an uncommon symptom and may occur in a wide variety of disease.However, the occurrence of acquired unilateral night blindness that has no specific clinical symptoms and signs including retinal pigment degeneration is very rare. We studied patient's family history, ocular examinations, perimetry, fluorescein angiography, electroretinogram, visual evoked potential and electrooculogram. No ocular abnormality could be found on clinical examination including fundus examnination in both eyes.Two patients had hyperfluo-rescence of optic disc in late phase of fluorescein angiography, and signifi-cantly reduced b wave and intact a wave were registered in the scotopic electroretinogram. We report 2 cases of acquired unilateral night blindness that have similar clinical findings with congenital stationary night blindness[CSNB]and melanoma-associated retinopathy[MAR].

Effect of Intraocular Lens Implantation on Electro retinogram

Electroretinogram(ERG), widely used to diagnose and prognose the retinal dysfunctions, is known to be affected by the various testing conditions, such as the amount and color of the stimulating light, adaptation time and background light intensity. We have recorded the ERG in 39 cataract patients(50 eyes)without retinal abnormalities in order to evaluate the effect of intraocular lens(IOL)on the ERG and to compare clear-IOL inserted eye with colored-IOL inserted eye. The insulting effect of IOL material did not affect the results of the ERG. However the rod response in IOL inserted eye showed shortening in implicit time, which was probably due to the increase of inputting light by the removal of opaque lens. Additionally, there was no difference between the ERG of colored-IOL(yellow-tinted IOL)eyes and that of clear-IOL eyes. We found that ERG might be used in the IOL inserted eyes without modification of data values.

Type IV Ushers Syndrome Manifested by Woman

Ushers syndrome is an autosomal recessively inherited trait that characterized by progressive retinitis pigmentosa combining night blindness with a congenital, nonprogressive sensorineural hearing impairment of variable severity. Speech disorder, vestibular ataxia, mental deficiency, psychosis, and cataract are usually present. We experienced a case of type IV Ushers syndrome in 28 year-old woman that showed the night blindness with decreased visual acuity that had been developed 7-8 years before and congenital sensorineural hearing loss. In fundoscopic examination, characteristic bone corpuscle pigmentation in the periphery, and narrow arteries are found. Her electroretinogram and pure tone audiometric findings show non recordable wave forms and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. She has mild mental retardation also.

Clinical Survey of Interferon Retinopathy

We studied the retinal complication of systemic alpha-interferon in 52 patients who had chronic myelogenous leukemia of chronic phase. 32 patients of them were systemically injected with alpha-interferon for 6 months or more, and 20 patients who were not injected were used as a control. In the injected group, 10 of the 32 patients(31%) showed retinopathies such as yellowish white subretinal deposits, multiple blot shaped hemorrhages, and cotton wool spots. However in the control group, there was only one patient who showed blot shaped hemorrhage. The injected group had significantly much higher chance to have retinopathy than the control group(p0.05). The sex and hematologic factor did not affect the development of retinopathy(p<0.05). Since the patients under long term treatment of systemic alpha-interferon are at higher risk of retinopathy, their fundus should be examined periodically.

Decentration and Tilt of Posterior Chamber Lens According to Anterior Capsulotomy

To evaluate the abnormal positions of intraocular lens after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation, the study used the image analysis technique. Tilting and decent ration of posterior chamber intraocular lens(PCL) were studied according to the anterior capsulotomy. 103 patients(120 eyes) were randomized into 6 groups(20 eyes each) according to posterior chamber lens style and anterior capsulotomy type, and measured the degrees of tilting and decent ration of PCL by Scheimpflug camera. Three piece PCL implantation group showed significant less tilting than one piece PCL implantation group at postoperative 1 week. In one radial tear of anterior capsulotomy group, three piece PCL showed less tilting than one piece PCL. At postoperative 2 months, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis without radial tear group showed significant less decent ration and tilting than one radial tear group. At postoperative 1 week and 2 months tilting of the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis group was less than two or more radial tears group. As time passes from 1 week to 2 months tilting decreased significantly, but decentration did not showed significant decrease.

A Case of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Chediak-Higashi syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by partial oculocutaneous albinism, photophobia, nystagmus, immunodeficiency with increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral infection. We experienced a 2-year old boy who presents photophobia, hypopigmentation of retinal pigment epithelium, partial cutaneous albinism, systemic findings including recurrent fever and respiratory infection, hepatosplenomegaly and pathognomic giant cytoplasmic granules in peripheral blood cells and bone marrow, and diagnosed it as a Chediak-Higashi syndrome. We present our experience of Chediak-Higashi syndrome with brief review of the literatures related to it.

Clinical Comparision of the ProTon and the Goldmann Applanation Tonometer

The recently developed ProTon tonometer is a small hand-held instrument which has less chances of infectious ocular diseases transmission and corneal abrasion than other types of tonometer. We compared the intraocular pressures taken by the ProTon tonometer with those by the Goldmann applanation tonometer in 290 eyes of 145 patients. The results were as follows: 1. The difference of the intraocular pressures between the ProTon tonometer and the Goldmann tonometer is less than 3mmHg in 91.03% of the estimation, and less than ImmHg in 64.83%. 2. The average intraocular pressure measured by the ProTon tonometer is lower than that by the Goldmann applanation tonometer. In the higher intraocular pressure zone, the difference of intraocular pressures between the two is more increased. 3. The correlation between the intraocular pressures measured by the ProTon tonometer and those by the Goldmann tonometer is very high(correlation coefficient 0.98). According to the above results, we conclude that the ProTon tonometer can be used more accurately and conveniently for both patient and examiner than other classic instruments.

Clinical Analysis of Uveitis by the Diagnostic Studies

In order to investigate the efficiency of various laboratory studies of uveitis, we performed a series of studies including complete boold count, immunologic tests and radiolgic examination for 70 patients with uveitis and same number of controls who had visited at St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College from October 1992 to May 1993. The series of uveitis consists of 24 patients(34.3%) of anterior uveitis, 20 patients(28.6%) of posterior uneitis and 17 patients(24.3%) of intermediate uveitis. Only 7 cases presented positive results for the specific laboratory studies. Two patients of uveitis were positive for cytomegalovirus IgM, one for toxoplasma IgG and one for VDRL. One patient showed evidence of sacroilitis on sacroiliac joint X-ray. Skin test for Clonorchis sinensis was positive in one patient of uveitis. One case in the control group was positive for toxoplasma IgG. From the above results, we suggest that the selective laboratory studies should be carried out on the basis of the patient's histories and ocular findings for the more specific and etiological diagnosis of uveitis.

The Efficacy of Mitomycin-C on Glaucoma Filtration Surgery in Rabbits

The study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of subconjunctivally injected mitomycin-C (MMC) on glaucoma filtration surgery(GFS) in rabbit eyes. Each of 0.05mg, 0.1mg and 0.2mg MMC were injected subconjunctivally into the rabbit eye according to groups I, II, III respectively following GFS. The IOP were returned to preoperative level at postoperative 2 weeks in control group, and at postoperative 12 weeks in group I and II. Histologically the fibrotic reaction appears less intensively in the order of group III, II, I and control group at 2 weeks after GFS. At postoperative 12th week, fibroblasts are more frequently oberved in group I and II than control group. But the proliferation of collagenous and reticulin fibers are less in group I and II than control group. The least amount of fibroblasts, collagenous and reticulin fibers are found in group III. It is suggested that subconjunctival injection of lower concentration of MMC would be effective approval as an adjunctive method to improve more success rate of GFS from this study.

The Safety of Mitomycin-C in Glaucoma Filtration Surgery in Rabbits

To investigate the safety of subconjunctivally injected mitomycin-C(MMC) as an adjunctive therapy following the glaucoma filtration surgery(GFS), various amounts of MMC have been given to rabbit eyes after the surgery. To the control group, balanced salt solution(BSS) was injected subconjunctivally and 0.05mg MMC dissolved in BSS was given to the I experimental group I, 0.1mg to the group II, and 0.2mg to the group III. When the concentration of MMC in aqueous humor and cornea were measured at 30 min after the administration of MMC by high performance liquid chromatography, while no MMC was detected in aqueous humor, 1.2 +/- 0.5 micro gram of MMC/g of corneal tissue was detected for group III and 0.3 +/- 0.1 micro gram/g was found in group II. No MMC could be detected in corneal tissues of group I. The scanning electron microscopy which was done on the third day after surgery, revealed the most serious destructive changes of corneal endothelium in group III, while slight changes in group II, and no alteration in group I and control group. Based on these observations, subconjunctival injection of low dose(0.05mg) of MMC may be safe as an adjunctive method to enhance the success rate of GFS.

Ocular Protrusion and Spontaneous Regression in Bilateral Retinoblastomas

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in childhood. The early diagnosis can be made in children having strabismus, decreased visual acuity, or family history of retinoblastoma. As the tumor grows larger, it produces leukocoria, iris heterochromia, secondary neovascular glaucoma due to rubeosis iridis, ocular protrusion due to mass, optic nerve extension and distant metastasis. Rarely, this tumor shows spontaneous regression to induce phthisis. We recently experienced a case of bilateral retinoblastoma in a 2 year old girl who presented with the protruded right eyeball due to the massive growth of retinoblastoma, simultaneously with the phthisicae left eyeball due to spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma.

Hyphema, angle recession and macular hemorrhage induced by air bag

Air bag has gained increasing acceptance as a device that reduce serious head and chest injury in vehicle accident. Although air bag reduces incidence and severity of facial and periorbital trauma, the possibility of ocular trauma by air bag inflation itself cannot be trivialized. We experienced a patient who developed hyphema, angle recession and macular hemorrhage after air bag inflation, and reviewed the available literatures regarding this type of injury.

Clinical Analysis of Cataract Extraction in Behcet disease

Retrospective study was conducted in 13 eyes of 9 Behcet's disease patients who have undergone cataract extraction with or without intraocular lens implantation. According to Shimizu's criteria, 5 eyes(55.6%) were classified as incomplete type and 3 eyes(33.3%) as suspect type. Among 13 eyes, only 3 eyes achieved final visual acuity of 0.1 or better and 4 eyes resulted in final visual acuity of 0.01 or worse. Postoperative complications included after-cataract in all 11 eyes which had undergone extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE) and vitreous opacity in 10 eyes. Our results shows that the visual prognosis after cataract extraction is poor in general, although it may be improved in selected cases if inflammation has been controlled for a sufficient duration.

Retrobulbar Hemorrhage during Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery

Retrobulbar hemorrhage is a rare complication following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, which has never been reported in Korea. Our cardiac surgery tearn diagnosed a case of 30 year-old female patient as atrial septal defect and performed direct closure for it. Proptosis of the right eye was developed during surgery and she was consulted to Department of Ophthalmology, St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College. We confirmed the evidence of the proptosis of the right eye with Hertel's exophthalmo meter and diagnosed this case as retrobulbar hemorrhage that orbital CT showed a large ovoid shaped non-enhancing hyperdense mass shadow at superior portion of the right orbit. So we report our case with a brief review of the literature related to retrobulbar hemorrhage during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.

The Clinical Survey of the Prevalence of Ocular Disorders in Aged Patients

In order to assess the prevalence of ocular disorders of the aged patients, retrospective survey was carried out in 5,659 patients over the age of 60, who visited outpatient clinics of three hospitals (St. Mary's Hospital, Cheonnam University Hospital and Inha University Hospital) between 1989 and 1990. An analysis of data was resulted in as follow: 1. Proportion of the aged patients to total out-patients was 15%. 2. The age distributions of patients were sixties (59%), seventies (34%), over eighty (7%). 3. In the patient 60 years old and older, 36.9% of the cases had best corrected visual acuities of 0.7 or better. 4. The most prevalent ocular disorder was senile cataract (44.0%), and others included conjunctival and scleral diseases (14.9%), retinal diseases (14.4%), refractive error (9.1%), glaucoma (4.4%), and corneal diseases (3.2%). 5. The proportion of causes of blindness indicates; senile cataract (58.8%), retinal diseases (15.4%), glaucoma (6.8%), and corneal diseases (5.0%), etc. 6. The systemic disorders associated with ocular diseases were hypertension 7.0%, diabetes 5.0%, respiratory diseases 4.2%, and heart diseases 2.0%. 7. Visual acuities better than 0.4 were obtained in 87.4% of postoperative cataract surgeries in aged patients.

Sebaceous Adenocarcinoma Combined with Squamous Cell Carcinoma on the Upper Tarsal Conjunctiva

Sebaceous adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva are relatively uncommon diseases which usually develop in the upper eyelid and limbus. They spread to the adjacent bulbar and tarsal conjunctiva, cornea and sclera but their intraocular invasions are very rare. In our country, sebaceous adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma which occurred independently was reported, but no case of sebaceous aoenocarcinoma combined with squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva was reported. We experienced a case of tumor at right upper tarsal conjunctiva in a 76-year-old Korean woman. Histopathologic examination revealed sebaceous adenocarcinoma combined with moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.

A Case of Moyamoya Disease with Right Homonymous Hemianopsia

The cause of Moyamoya disease remains unknown, and theories of inflammatory and immunologic pathophysiological mechanisms remain unproven. Moyamoya disease characterized by angiographic findings of intracranial carotid artery stenosis and occlusion, resulting in brain hemorrhage. We experienced that a 32-year-old female patient whose complaint was a suddenly developed occipital headache, decreased vision and visual field defect, and performed transfemoral 4-vessel angiography and magnetic resonance image (MRI). It was defined as Moyamoya disease. So we report a case of Moyamoya disease with right homonymous hemianopsia.

Chromosomal Translocation Occuring Congenital Coloboma in Both Eyes

The congenital coloboma represents failure in closure of fetal fissure, which may involve iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina or optic nerve. It is classified into typical and atypical type. The authors have experienced a case of typical coloboma of the occuring on the iris, choroid, and optic disc of both eyes which have chromosomal abnormality, 46, XY, t(4, 13)(p;q), and the literatures relating to this disease were briefly reviewed.