Baumann Skin Type in the Korean Male Population

BACKGROUND: Research into the Baumann skin type (BST) has recently expanded, with growing interest in the development of an efficient and effective skin type classification system for better understanding of this skin condition. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify male-specific skin type characteristics with investigation into the distribution of BST by age and region in the Korean male population and to determine the intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to skin type. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to collect information about age, region, working behavior, drinking behavior, smoking behavior, usual habit of sun protection, medical history, and the BST which consisted of four parameters; oily (O) or dry (D), sensitive (S) or resistant (R), pigmented (P) or non-pigmented (N), and wrinkled (W) or tight (T). RESULTS: We surveyed 1,000 Korean males aged between 20 and 60 years who were divided equally by age and region. Of the total respondents, OSNW type accounted for the largest percentage and ORPW type the lowest. In terms of Baumann parameters, O type was 53.5%, S type was 56.1%, N type was 84.4% and W type was 57.5%. Several behavioral factors were found to have various relationships with the skin type. CONCLUSION: The predominant skin type in the Korean male respondents was OSNW type, and the distribution of skin types with regards to age and region was reported to be distinct. Therefore, skin care should be customized based on detailed skin types considering the various environmental factors.

Baumann Skin Type in the Korean Female Population

BACKGROUND: To meet the need for a subspecialized skin type system, the Baumann skin type (BST) system was proposed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the distribution of BST types and influencing factors among Korean women. METHODS: BST questionnaires were administered to 1,000 Korean women. The possible responses were as follows: oily (O) or dry (D), sensitive (S) or resistant (R), pigmented (P) or non-pigmented (N), and wrinkled (W) or tight (T). The correlations of the BST with the subjects' age, location, ultraviolet (UV) ray exposure, drinking and smoking habits, and blood type were assessed. RESULTS: The OSNT, DSNT, DRNT, and OSNW skin types were the most common skin types (55.3%). The O, S, P, and W types accounted for 46.6%, 68.8%, 23.2%, and 31.9%, respectively. The proportion of the O and S type was the highest in Gyeongsangbuk-do (55.0%) and Seoul (77.2%). The proportion of the P and W type was the highest in Gyeongsangbuk-do (33.0%) and Chungcheong-do (39.0%). The O type decreased in the higher age group, whereas the P and W type showed a reversed tendency. In smokers, the proportion of W type was significantly higher than in the non-smokers (66.3% vs. 24.1%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The 4 most common BST types were OSNT, DSNT, DRNT, and OSNW. In the comparison across the 4 BST parameters according to the age, region, smoking and drinking habits, occupation, blood type, and UV exposure, significant differences were observed. Individualized and customized skin care is required according to the personal skin type.

A Case of Late-Onset Peeling Skin Syndrome Likely Triggered by Irritation

No abstract available.

Prurigo Nodularis Occurring in Conjunction with a Common Blue Nevus / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Prurigo Nodularis Occurring in Conjunction with a Common Blue Nevus / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

A Rare Cutaneous Adverse Reaction after Intra-Articular Injection of Hyaluronic Acid

No abstract available.

Clinical Features and Awareness of Hand Eczema in Korea

BACKGROUND: Hand eczema is one of the most common skin disorders and negatively affects quality of life. However, a large-scale multicenter study investigating the clinical features of patients with hand eczema has not yet been conducted in Korea. OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of various hand diseases, which is defined as all cutaneous disease occurring in hands, and to investigate the clinical features of patients with hand eczema and the awareness about hand eczema in the general population and to compare the prevalence of hand eczema between health care providers and non-health care providers. METHODS: To estimate the prevalence of hand diseases, we analyzed the medical records of patients from 24 medical centers. Patients were assessed by online and offline questionnaires. A 1,000 from general population and 913 hand eczema patients answered the questionnaire, for a total of 1,913 subjects. RESULTS: The most common hand disease was irritant contact dermatitis. In an online survey, the lifetime prevalence of hand eczema was 31.2%. Hand eczema was more likely to occur in females (66.0%) and younger (20~39 years, 53.9%). Health care providers and housewives were the occupations most frequently associated with hand eczema. Winter (33.6%) was the most common season which people experienced aggravation. The 63.0% and 67.0% answered that hand eczema hinders their personal relationship and negatively affects daily living activities, respectively. CONCLUSION: Hand eczema is a very common disease and hinders the quality of life. The appropriate identification of hand eczema is necessary to implement effective and efficient treatment.

Transepidermal Elimination of Gold Metals after Face-Lifting Acupuncture

No abstract available.

A Herpes Simplex Virus Infection Secondary to Acupuncture and Cupping

Acupuncture and cupping have a public reputation as being safe even though these practices can lead to complications such as trauma or infection. We report here on a case of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection secondary to acupuncture and cupping in a 56-year-old woman. The patient, who had a history of acupuncture and cupping on her left forearm for treating her myalgia, developed painful papules. Histologically, the biopsy specimen showed characteristic ballooning degeneration and inclusion bodies in the epidermis and mid-dermis. These clinical and histological findings were consistent with the diagnosis of HSV infection.

Cutaneous Cholesterol Embolism / 대한피부과학회지

A cholesterol embolism is a systemic disease resulting from the occlusion of arteries by cholesterol crystals released from atheromatous plaques. It has been associated with inflammation, sheering forces from blood flow due to hypertension, aneurysm formation, infection, mechanical manipulation during surgery or vascular procedures, and anticoagulation. We report a case of a cutaneous cholesterol embolism in a 66-year old man who had purpuric skin lesions on both feet associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and anticoagulation for a cerebral infarction.

Folliculitis after Tanning Oil Application / 대한피부과학회지

Folliculitis is an inflammatory disease that has various causes. It has been widely reported to be caused by exposure to industrial oil such as cutting oil and diesel oil. A 39-year-old man presented with multiple diffuse erythematous papules with a follicular distribution on the anterior chest, back and shoulder. The histopathologic findings of the papules showed follicular epithelial destruction and a perifollicular inflammatory cellular infiltration. He was diagnosed as having folliculitis. The distribution of lesions matched with the area of tanning oil application was identical to that of the patient's applying tanning oil before the development of skin lesions. We report here on a case of folliculitis due to applying tanning oil. Tanning oil caused the follicular occlusion and dilatation in hairless mice in one experiment.

Psoriasis Aggravated by Adalimumab: A Paradoxical Adverse Reaction / 대한피부과학회지

Adalimumab, a recombinant human IgG monoclonal antibody, selectively blocks tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and has been successfully used in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. In particular, its efficacy has been proven in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthritis, lymphoproliferative diseases and inflammatory bowel disease. Its use has also been studied for the treatment of psoriasis and yet, paradoxically, cases of new onset or exacerbation of psoriasis continue to increase in patients undergoing treatment with anti TNF-alpha agents. A 51-year-old woman had arthritis for a year and was diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis. After she had received adalimumab for psoriatic arthritis five times during one year, erythematous eruptions were found on her entire body. She then stopped adalimumab therapy for two months, although her skin lesions did not resolve. The patient was diagnosed with psoriasis through biopsy and began using cyclosporine, a topical steroid used for treatment of psoriasis.

Angioimmunoblastic T Cell Lymphomas: Frequent Cutaneous Skin Lesions and Absence of Human Herpes Viruses

BACKGROUND: Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a complex lymphoproliferative disorder and often mimics a viral infection with frequent skin involvement. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV)-6 are reported to be associated with AITL, but there are conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the association of EBV and HHV-6 with AITL. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical, histological and immunophenotypical features of 19 cases of AITL. Among them, 11 lymph node biopsies of AITL were examined for HHV-6, -7, and -8 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using virus-specific primers. In situ hybridization of EBV early region RNA (EBER) was performed and T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement was also investigated in some cases. RESULTS: Among these 19 cases, maculopapular, plaque or nodular skin lesions accompanied AITL in 12 cases. Clonal TCR gene rearrangement was seen in 8/9 cases tested. EBER in situ hybridization was positive in 8 cases (57.1%). Among 7 cases with skin biopsies, five cases were consistent with cutaneous involvement of AITL, 1 case was a drug eruption, and the other case was Kaposi's sarcoma. Except a HHV-8 (+) case who also had Kaposi's sarcoma, all of these cases were negative for HHV-6, -7 and -8. CONCLUSION: Skin manifestation seems to be a cardinal component of AITL, be it in the context of presentation, progression or recurrent disease. Recognition of clinicopathological features of skin lesions in AITL as diagnostic clues should be stressed among dermatologists. The lack of HHV-6, -7 and -8 in lymph node biopsy of AITL argues against a pathogenic role for HHVs in AITL.

A Case of Lichen Planus Pigmentosus Along the Lines of Blaschko / 대한피부과학회지

Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) is an uncommon variant of lichen planus that presents clinically as hyperpigmented, dark brown macules or patches in sun-exposed areas and flexural folds. LPP has been described previously as a pigmented form of actinic lichen planus or as erythema dyschromicum perstans. Recently, however, these diseases have been recognized as different clinical entities. Histopathologically, in atrophic epidermis, vacuolar alteration of the basal cell layer and scarce lymphohistiocytic lichenoid infiltration and pigment incontinence are seen. Herein, we report a case of LPP that developed in a unilateral linear pattern, probably in relation to Blaschko's lines.

A Case of Morphea on the Vertex / 대한피부과학회지

Morphea is a subclass of localized scleroderma, and this is a connective tissue disorder that is limited to the skin and subcutaneous tissue. We report here on a case of a 43-year-old woman who presented with a solitary skin colored plaque in the vertex area. The histopathologic findings showed basal hydrophic changes of the basal cells, multiple melanophages in the upper dermis and broadened, compact, eosinophilic collagen fibers in the entire dermis. We finally made the diagnosis of morphea in the vertex, and the vertex is an unusual site for this disease.

A Case of Membranous Lipodystrophy Observed in Lichen Amyloidosis

Membranous lipodystrophy is characterized by the presence of microcysts lined by amorphous, eosinophilic material with an arabesque appearance. We experienced a case of a 72-year-old man who had dark brownish, pruritic papules on the arms, legs, and back. Histopathologic examination of a biopsied lesion showed homogeneous, eosinophilic material in the papillary dermis, as well as membranous lipodystrophy. We report a case of membranous lipodystrophy observed in lichen amyloidosis.

A Case of Accessory Tragus on the Posterior Neck / 대한피부과학회지

Cervical accessory tragus is a rare congenital malformation presenting at birth as a firm nodule on the neck along the anterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It has also been reported under different names, such as elastic cartilage choristoma of the neck, Meckel's cartilaginous remnant, cervical tab, cervical auricle, and wattle. Histologically, cervical accessory tragus is composed of numerous hair follicles, and a prominent connective tissue framework in the subcutaneous fat and central core of cartilage. We report a case of an 8-year-old female who presented with a solitary flesh colored papule on the posterior neck that was histopathologically diagnosed as cervical accessory tragus.

A Case of Accessory Tragus on the Posterior Neck / 대한피부과학회지

Cervical accessory tragus is a rare congenital malformation presenting at birth as a firm nodule on the neck along the anterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It has also been reported under different names, such as elastic cartilage choristoma of the neck, Meckel's cartilaginous remnant, cervical tab, cervical auricle, and wattle. Histologically, cervical accessory tragus is composed of numerous hair follicles, and a prominent connective tissue framework in the subcutaneous fat and central core of cartilage. We report a case of an 8-year-old female who presented with a solitary flesh colored papule on the posterior neck that was histopathologically diagnosed as cervical accessory tragus.

The Effect of Cold on the Skin Barrier / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Cold is considered an important environmental factor on the skin's barrier function. It is also known that cold can disrupt the barrier's permeability function. Historically irritant contact dermatitis develops frequently amongst fish processing workers. This means that cold may disrupt the skin barrier function. However, there are only a few studies of the effect of cold on the skin barrier. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of exposure to the cold on the skin's barrier permeability, calcium gradient and cornified enveloped proteins. METHODS: Hairless mice were classified into four groups as follows; tape-stripping and exposure to cold (4degrees C) for 5 hours group (Group 1), exposure to cold (4degrees C) for 5 hours after tape-stripping and occlusion with Gore-Tex group (Group 2), exposure to cold (4degrees C) for 5 hours after tape-stripping and applying with petrolatum group (Group 3), and tape-stripping and exposure at room temperature (25degrees C) for 5 hours group (Group 4). Next, rate of barrier recovery was measured, and skin of cold exposure site was taken for immunohistochemistry of cornified enveloped protein, calcium inon capture chemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Rate of barrier recovery of Group 1 was measured at -56.33%, the most delayed rate of all groups. Rate of barrier recovery of other groups were measured as follows; Group 2 (20%), Group 3 (55%) and Group 4 (41.78%). In calcium-ion capture cytochemistry, Group 1 appeared to absent calcium deposit in the entire epidermis. Group 3 appeared to the highest density of calcium in entire epidermis. In immunohistochemical staining of cornified enveloped proteins including involucrin, loricrin and filaggrin, Group 1 resulted in the lowest expression of cornified enveloped proteins. Of all groups, Group 3 appeared to have the highest expressionof cornified enveloped proteins. In situ hybridization of loricrin and filaggrin, expression were similar with results of immunohistochemical staining. CONCLUSION: Our results provide that cold impairs the skin's barrier permeability by having a negative effect on recovery of calcium gradient and differentiation of cornifed enveloped proteins. But occlusion with vapor permeable membranes such as Gore-Tex or petrolatum could improve conditions of skin barrier impaired by cold by restoring the recovery rate of calcium gradient and differentiation of cornified enveloped protein.

New Melasma Treatment by Collimated Low Fluence Q-switched Nd : YAG Laser / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Laser treatment in melasma has previously failed because of the resulting inflammation and consequent pigmentation and excessive thermal damage caused by the use of high fluence. OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at establishing the concept of the collimated low fluence Q-switched Nd : YAG laser as a treatment for melasma by investigating its therapeutic effects clinically as well as histopathologically. METHODS: 27 patients were treated weekly with Q-switched Nd : YAG laser (1,064 nm wavelength, 7 mm spot size, 1.6~2.5 J/cm2 fluence) for 8 weeks. The results were evaluated based on standardized clinical images that used Robo skin analyzer, spectrophotometer, MASI score and general severity. RESULTS: 17 (58.8%) patients showed "GOOD" (50~75% improvement) and no case of full recurrence was examined and partial recurrence was detected in 12/17 patients. Common adverse effects include pain, erythema, and temporary edema. Rarely partial hypopigmented macules and diffuse hyperpigmentation appeared. Additional studies, such as immunohistochemical examination and electron microscopic examination, are also currently in progress. CONCLUSION: The collimated low fluence Q-switched Nd : YAG Laser is effective in melasma treatment. This treatment method is a new concept that can be described as selective photothermolysis with minimal thermal damage and inflammation reaction to affected tissues by pigmentation. We consider this treatment method should be regarded as Minimized Selective Photothermolysis (MSP) that will provide a new effective treatment for melasma.