ABSTRACT
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics. Unfortunately, ciprofloxacin-resistant P.aeruginosa has emerged with multiple resistance mechanisms
Objectives: This study aims to determine the frequency of gyrA [Topoisomerase II] mutation and its contribution to ciprofloxacin resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates from patients at Zagazig University Hospitals
Methodology: Cultivation of pusspecimens, identification of isolates by Gram stain, oxidase test and API20NE. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and ciprofloxacin minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] were done for all isolates. PCR RFLP was used to detect mutation in gyrA gene
Results: Among 192 examined specimens, 30 [15.6%] P. aerguinosa were isolated mainly from Surgery and Burn Unit. Fourteen isolates [46.7%] were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Ten [71.4%, P<0.001] isolates had shown mutation in gyr A gene by PCR-RFLP
Conclusion: Mutation in gyrA gene is a major mechanism of ciprofloxacin resistance in P. aeruginosa
ABSTRACT
Background: Increased resistance to antibiotics among Acinetobacterbaumannii [A. baumannii] isolates is a rising problem, and new alternatives should be provided to overcome this problem. Toxin-Antitoxin system [TA] is considered a promising essential target for antimicrobial drugs
Objective: To detect the prevalence of toxin-antitoxin system in A. baumannii isolated from patients at Zagazig University Hospitals
Methodology: Following isolation, oxidase test and API20NE were used to identify A. baumannii, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed to all isolates obtained, and amplification and screening of functional mazEF, relBE and higBA toxin-antitoxin genes were done by PCR and RT-PCR, respectively
Results: Out of 252 clinical specimens collected, 27[10.7%] were A. baumannii; 13 [15.3%] isolates were isolated from endotracheal aspirates, 4 [13.3%] from sputum samples, 7 [9.2%] from urine, 2 [4.5%] from pus, and 1 [14.3%] from blood. Most of the isolates were multidrug resistant, and the highest susceptibility was to meropenem [66.7 %] followed by imipenem [63%]. Regarding PCR results, 22 isolates [81.5%] hadrelBE gene, 17 [62.9%]hadmazEF gene, and 8[29.6%] hadhigBA gene. In the RT-PCR results, all genes were functional in all isolates
Conclusion: TA system genes are prevalent among A. baumannii isolates, in particular;relBE and mazEF genes and they are functional
ABSTRACT
Acinetobacter is frequently isolated in nosocomial infections and is especially prevalent in intensive care units, where sporadic cases as well as outbreaks and endemic occurrence are common. Acinetobacter infections are serious and difficult to treat owing to their ability to acquire resistance to many of the most commonly used drugs
Aim of work: to evaluate the role of Acinetobacter spp. as nosocomial pathogens in Zagazig University hospitals including methods of identification, the isolation rate from clinical and environmental samples and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns
Subjects and Methods: the study included 333 samples isolated from 273 hospitalized patients, 10 health care workers and 50 environmental samples. Identification of isolates by conventional methods as well as PCR detection of bla OXA-51-like Carbapenems gene was performed. Susceptibility patterns of Acinetobacter isolates to antibiotics were determined
Results: forty two [1 2.6%] Acinetobacter isolates were detected. Out of 273different clinical specimens and JO health- care staff examined 29 [10.6%] and 2 [20%] Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated respectively. Out of 50 different environmental specimens, 11 Acinetobacter strains [JO [90.5%] A. baumannii and I [9.5%] A. haemolyticus] were isolated. All isolates A. baumannii were positive for the of bla OXA 51-like gene. There was complete matching between conventional methods and PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all 42 Acinetobacter isolates identified· a majority of multi-drug resistant isolates. Conclusion: PCR is recommended for identification of Acinetobacter baumannii in epidemiological studies and research work because conventional methods cannot differentiate between Acinetobacter baumannii an4 some strains of DNA group 13 phenotypically. The incidence of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter isolates is high. So, antibiotic policy for empirical administration of antibiotics is recommended depending upon the results of antimicrobial culture and sensitivity testing. Strict adherence to infection control measures should be practiced