ABSTRACT
As menopause is a natural phenomenon among all females that associated with risk of developing several long term diseases. Determinant factors associated with onset of that menopause need to be more explorated
Aim of work: studying different factors associated with age at menopause, focusing on factors associated with early onset of natural menopause
Subjects and Methods: a cross - Gectional study was conducted from May to September 2004, at Zagazig district. Nine hundreds and twelve fenlales [40 years and more] were interviewed after considering the needed sample size. The main sociodemographic, life style and biologic variables were inquired from them through a predesigned questionnaire. Score of physical activity as well as some anthropometric measurements were applied to them
Results: there were a significant association regarding history of chronic diseases[hypertension, diabetes..etc], insufficient income, marital status as [single, widow or divorced], and using an intrauterine contraceptive device [IUD] among menopaused females, [Odds Ratio: 5.41, 2.07, 1.9 and 1.74 respectively]. High kids number [4,+] late age at menarche [>15 years] as well as irregular and variable menses duration were significantly higher among menopaused females. Physical activity was not only significantly more affected among those group, but also much affected among those who developed early menopause [<45 years] [odds ratio: 4.83 and 3.56 respectively]. Early age at natural menopause was also significantly associated with non working status, insufficient income as well as [single, widow or divorced] and tilose with long and variable menses duration
Conclusion: among the significant factors, logistic regression analysis revealed that; menses duration [long/variable], non working status and marital status [single, widow or divorced] were the significant predictors for early onset of natural menopause. So, attention should be paid to those groups by regular health education and medical follow up for early prevention of the associated risks of multiple diseases
ABSTRACT
This study included 109 patients with detectable hepatitis C virus [HCV] by real time PCR. The patients were classified into three different pathological stages and grades according to the new concept of histopathological staging and grading. The different clinical, biochemical, virological and ultrasonographic parameters were assessed and analyzed and the variables that showed a significant association with the histopathological staging and grading were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The regression model revealed that platelet count, matrix metalloproteinase-9 [MMP-9], portal vein diameter, splenic longitudinal axis, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and viral load added a significance to the model in a decreasing order of significance. From these findings, a new score ranged from 0-9 was generated. The score model was applied to the patients to assess its validity, where it proved to be accurate in discriminating patients with mild inflammation and fibrosis [sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 80.5% and accuracy 80.7%] and more accurate in detecting patients with cirrhosis [specificity 96.6%, sensitivity 80% and accuracy 93.6%], but less accurate in detecting patients with moderate to severe fibrosis [specificity 66.7%, sensitivity 68.7% and accuracy 67.9%]. Also, the results revealed that co-infection with schistosomiasis, old age >/45 years and positive history of blood transfusion as a source of infection were significantly associated with severe hepatic pathology