ABSTRACT
Objective: Thoracic trauma is a common cause of significant morbidity and mortality. The present study presents a series of thoracic trauma and evaluation of epidemiologic features, distribution of pathologies, diagnosis, additional systemic injuries, management and outcome
Materials and Methods: Between May 2016 and April 2017, all patients with thorax trauma admitted to the emergency service of King Abdulaziz hospital were retrospectively reviewed with respect to age, gender, etiological factors, distribution of pathologies, additional systemic injuries, diagnosis, treatment modalities, referral and outcome
Results: A total of 228 patients with thorax trauma were encompassed in the study. Of all the patients, [140] , 61.4% were male and 88 [38.6%] were female. The majority of the patients presented with blunt thoracic trauma [218 of 228 [95.6%]], whereas 10 [4.4%] presented with penetrating injuries. Etiological factors included falls in 158 [69.3%] patients, motor vehicle accidents in 52 [22.8%], animal related accidents in 8 [3.5%] and penetrating injuries in 10 [4.4%]. Among penetrating injuries, 6 [2.6%] were stabbing injuries and 4 [1.8%] were firearm injuries. The patients aged between 16 and 85 [mean 52.2 +/- 16.9] years. The vast majority [69.3%] of the patients aged between 31 and 70 years. Blunt thoracic traumas were observed most frequently in patients aged 51-70 years [36.8%], while penetrating traumas were observed most frequently in those aged 31-50 [32,5%] years
Conclusion: Even though majority of the patients with thorax trauma received treatment as outpatients; thoracic traumas can be a life threatening condition, and should be recognized and treated immediately. Mortality differs based on etiological factors, additional systemic pathologies, capabilities of the hospital especially diagnostic and treatment facilities in emergency services. We believe that a multidisciplinary method to the patients with severe thorax trauma, and the opportunities of emergency bedside thoracotomy in emergency services will significantly decrease the morbidity and mortality
ABSTRACT
Background: Cirrhosis is the irreversible fibrosis of liver, it continues to be a common cause of morbidity and mortality. It is accompanied by inflammation and malnutrition and thus can have a negative effects on bone metabolism and promote fractures accordingly
Aim of the study: to evaluate the risk of fractures among patients with cirrhosis
Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature following PRISMA/STROBE guidelines, Medline Cochrane Library and Embase s were retrieved using an algorithm comprising relevant MeSH terms from 1980 to 2017. Publications on the association of cirrhosis/bone fracture were ed independently by the authors and included in both gender and gender-specific meta-analyses, following recalculations of published data as appropriate. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of included studies
Results: [st] 8 udies met the inclusion criteria enrolling 988 patients [286 of which are diagnosed with al coholic liver disease [ALD]. Overall, ALD demonstrated a el r ative risk [] RR of 1.825, 95%CI: 1.370 2.28, - < 0.001 P for the development of bone fractures. Bone mineral density [BMD] was not significantly different between the ALD and control groups, although there was a trend toward lower BMD in patients with ALD. Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results
Conclusion: in accordance to the present meta-analysis, there is a significant correlation between bone fractures and ALD independent of BMD
ABSTRACT
Background: Earlier studies have recommended that asthmatic patients regularly have comorbid depression; nonetheless, temporal associations remain uncertain
Objectives: To determine whether depression predicts asthma and, on the other hand, whether asthma expects depression
Methods: A literature search was conducted without language restrictions using Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane and PsycINFO for studies published before April, 2017. Papers referenced by the obtained articles were correspondingly reviewed. Only comparative prospective studies with reported risk estimates of the association between depression and asthma were included. In order to examine whether one of these conditions was predictive of the other, studies were excluded if enrolled participants had pre-existing depression or asthma. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled risk estimates for two outcomes: depression predicting asthma and asthma predicting depression
Results: Seven citations, derived from 8 cohort studies, met our inclusion criteria. Of these, six studies reported that depression predicted incident adult-onset asthma, including 83,684 participants and 2,334 incident cases followed for 8 to 20 years. Conversely, two studies reported that asthma predicted incident depression. These studies involved 25,566 participants and 2,655 incident cases followed for 10 and 20 years, respectively. The pooled adjusted relative risks [RRs] of acquiring asthma associated with baseline depression were 1.43 [95% CI, 1.28-1.61] [P<0.001]. The adjusted RRs for acquiring depression associated with baseline asthma was 1.23 [95% CI, 0.72-2.10] [P = 0.45]
Conclusions: Depression was associated with a 43% increased risk of developing adult-onset asthma. However, asthma did not increase the risk of depression based on limited studies. Further prospective studies confirming the true association between asthma and subsequent risk of depression are warranted