In vitro cytotoxic activity assay of bacteria extract derived marine sponge Haliclona fascigera toward Hela, WiDr, T47D, and Vero cell line

Symbiotic association between marine sponge and microorganism was a promising chance in the discovery of leadcompound of anticancer. This association was probably concluded that symbiotic microorganism would contain thesame secondary metabolites with the host. In this continuation research, we had isolated symbiotic bacteria from amarine sponge and tested for cytotoxic activity. Twenty-six isolates of bacteria derived from marine sponge Haliclonafascigera were isolated from Setan Island, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Screening of cytotoxic activity by BSLT methodand MTT assay was conducted toward 21 ethyl acetate extracts of symbiotic bacteria with weight >50 mg. Onebacterial extract with code H2N was very toxic according to BSLT test, while 18 isolates were toxic with LC50 rangingfrom 31.17 to 283.38 ppm. All of the bacterial extracts did not show a good percentage of viability (>50%) againstHela, WiDr, T47D, dan Vero cell line in MTT assay. However, bacterial extract with code H2N have shown potentialcytotoxic compared to other extracts. As per the phytochemical study, this extract probably contained terpenoid group.Based on biochemical examination this bacterium, H2N, was identified as Bacillus sp.3.

Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate extract of mangrove plant Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea C. F. Gaertn— Associated fungi

Association between mangrove plants with fungi has been explored for many biological activities. The purpose of thisstudy was to determine the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove plantsScyphiphora hydrophyllacea C. F. Gaertn. The isolation of endophytic fungus from the mangrove has been carriedout by the direct planting method on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar medium. Eleven fungal isolates were recovered andpurified. The isolates were cultivated on the rice medium for 1 month and extracted using ethyl acetate. Eleven ethylacetate extracts were screened for cytotoxic activity by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and for antimicrobial activity toward some human pathogenic microbes.The results showed that five (45.5%) isolates of endophytic fungi had antimicrobial activity against the growth ofStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans with a diameter from 9.1 to 21 mm. Furthermore, fourextracts (36.4%) were cytotoxic (cell viability < 50%) against T47D cells. Isolate ADSH2 which exhibited the highestcytotoxic activity was identified molecularly as Penicillium chrysogenum. The results of this study indicate that theethyl acetate of endophytic fungi associated with Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea has the potential to be developed asantimicrobial and anticancer compounds.

Antimicrobial activity screening of endophytic fungi extracts isolated from brown algae Padina sp.

This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi from marine brown algae Padina sp.collected from Nirwana Beach, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The isolation of endophytic fungi was conductedusing dilution method with Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) + Chloramphenicol as a growth medium. Nine fungistrains have been isolated from this alga. Purely isolated fungi were cultivated using rice as a medium at roomtemperature for 3–4 weeks. The secondary metabolite produced by fungi was extracted using ethyl acetate (EtOAc)as a solvent. The antimicrobial activity of EtOAc extracts was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichiacoli, and Candida albicans by using the agar diffusion method. In this research, nine endophytic fungi were isolatedfrom the brown marine algae Padina sp. The results of antimicrobial activity screening showed that one fungal isolate(Nita3) was selected as the most active against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans with a diameter of inhibition zone of20.98 ± 1.56 mm, 17.98 ± 6.58 mm, and 13.60 ± 0 mm, respectively. This selected fungus was identified molecularlyas Trichoderma harzianum. We conclude that T. harzianum can be a source of antimicrobial compounds. However,continuous research is needed to prove its bioactive action

Antimicrobial activity screening of endophytic fungi extracts isolated from brown algae Padina sp.

This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi from marine brown algae Padina sp.collected from Nirwana Beach, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The isolation of endophytic fungi was conductedusing dilution method with Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) + Chloramphenicol as a growth medium. Nine fungistrains have been isolated from this alga. Purely isolated fungi were cultivated using rice as a medium at roomtemperature for 3–4 weeks. The secondary metabolite produced by fungi was extracted using ethyl acetate (EtOAc)as a solvent. The antimicrobial activity of EtOAc extracts was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichiacoli, and Candida albicans by using the agar diffusion method. In this research, nine endophytic fungi were isolatedfrom the brown marine algae Padina sp. The results of antimicrobial activity screening showed that one fungal isolate(Nita3) was selected as the most active against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans with a diameter of inhibition zone of20.98 ± 1.56 mm, 17.98 ± 6.58 mm, and 13.60 ± 0 mm, respectively. This selected fungus was identified molecularlyas Trichoderma harzianum. We conclude that T. harzianum can be a source of antimicrobial compounds. However,continuous research is needed to prove its bioactive action.

Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from marine Sponge Haliclona fascigera.

Fungi associated with marine sponge Haliclona fascigera has shown a promising source in the search for new antimicrobial compounds. We have isolated 25 endophytic fungi from the sponge, which were cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB) for 4 weeks at 25-27ºC. The ethyl acetate extracts of the isolates-broth were then tested for its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans by using agar diffusion method. The zone of inhibition was measured and expressed in millimeters. There were 8 isolates of the fungi that considered active to Staphylococcus aureus, i.e. HF2 isolate (14,5 mm), HF8 isolate (12,5 mm), HF9 isolate (14 mm), HF13 isolate (16,5 mm), HF14 isolate (11 mm), HF19 isolate (14,5 mm), HF21 isolate (14,5 mm), HF22 isolate (13 mm), and 1 isolate active to C. albicans, i.e. HF16 isolate (12,5 mm). The identification of the bioactive fungi isolates was done by comparing its macroscopic and microscopic characteristic based on literature. From the study, it can be concluded that fungi associated with marine sponge Haliclona fascigera possesses potentially antimicrobial activity which might be due to the presence of bioactive metabolite compounds.

Screening of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Marine Sponge Haliclona fascigera for Inhibition against Clinical Isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Marine endophytic bacteria are a valuable source of novel antibacterial in combating pathogenic isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a global nosocomial problem today. The aim of this study was to assess in vitro anti-MRSA activity of extracts from bacteria endophyte of marine sponge Haliclona fascigera collected from Setan Island, South Coast of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Anti-MRSA activity test carried out by the agar diffusion method using paper disk. The endophytic bacteria from sponge were isolated using dilution method and pour plate method on NA media. From the sponge were obtained 26 isolates of bacterial endophytic then propagated in NB media. The liquid media was then extracted using ethyl acetate solvent. Antimicrobial activity test carried out by the agar diffusion method using paper disk. The antibacterial activity assay was conducted with the extract concentrations of 5 %. Chloramphenicol was used as a positive control agent. The zone of inhibition was measured and expressed in millimeters. There were 12 isolates of the bacteria that considered active to MRSA. Mean of inhibition zones ranged from 11.1±0.17 to 15.17±0.76. Characterization and identification of endophytic bacteria were conducted to several bioactive bacteria. The identification method was performed using Gram staining and biochemical test.