ABSTRACT
The present study evaluated the application of three dimensional echocardigraphy (3DE) in the diagnosis of atrial septal defect (ASD) and the measurement of its size by 3DE and compared the size with surgical findings. Two-dimensional and real-time three dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) was performed in 26 patients with atrial septal defect, and the echocardiographic data were compared with the surgical findings. Significant correlation was found between defect diameter by RT3DE and that measured during surgery (r=0.77, P<0.001). The defect area changed significantly during cardiac cycle. Percentage change in defect size during cardiac cycle ranged from 6%-70%. Our study showed that the size and morphology of atrial septal defect obtained with RT3DE correlate well with surgical findings. Therefore, RT3DE is a feasible and accurate non-invasive imaging tool for assessment of atrial septal size and dynamic changes.
Subject(s)
Young Adult , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/diagnosis , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/pathology , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/surgeryABSTRACT
The non-neuronal cholinergic system, widely exists in prokaryotic, eukarytic, and even plant cells, however, it has not been investigated in preadipocytes and adipocytes. To search for evidence its existence in preadipocytes and adipocytes, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α7 subunit, acetyicholinesterase (ACHE) and choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) in 3T3-L1 cells were examined using immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. The choline-regulated visfatin expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was also tested by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Incubation with methyilycaconitine (10-6 to 10-4mol/L) for 12, 24 and 36 hours dose-dependently increased visfatin expression from 1.3- to 1.55-folds (P <0.01) with maximal induction at 24 hours with 10-4mol/L methyllycaconitine. Nicotine treatments (10-6 to 10-4 mol/L) for 12, 24 and 36 hours decreased visfatin expression; choline chloride (10-4 mol/L))suppressed visfatin expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at 36 hours by 1.64 to 2.03 fold (P < 0.05) which was more effective as compared with nicotine. It was concluded that α7 nAChR was expressed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and involved in visfatin expression.
ABSTRACT
The expression of Survivin, CDK4 and Ki-67 and the clinical significance in pediatric acute leukemia (AL) were investigated. The expression of Survivin, CDK4 and Ki-67 proteins was detected by using immunohistochemical assay in 37 children with AL and 10 children with normal bone marrow as controls. The positive expression rate of Survivin, CDK4 and Ki-67 was 45.9 %,56.8 %, and 40.5 % respectively in 37 AL children, which was significantly higher than in control group accordingly (P＜0.05). The expression of Survivin was positively correlated with CDK4(P=0.007) and Ki-67 (P=0.008). In conclusion, all Survivin, CDK4 and Ki-67 proteins are over-expressed in pediatric AL and involved in the modulation of apoptosis and proliferation in pediatric AL.
ABSTRACT
The expression of Survivin, CDK4 and Ki-67 and the clinical significance in pediatric acute leukemia (AL) were investigated. The expression of Survivin, CDK4 and Ki-67 proteins was detected by using immunohistochemical assay in 37 children with AL and 10 children with normal bone marrow as controls. The positive expression rate of Survivin, CDK4 and Ki-67 was 45.9 %, 56.8 %, and 40.5 % respectively in 37 AL children, which was significantly higher than in control group accordingly (P<0.05). The expression of Survivin was positively correlated with CDK4 (P=0.007) and Ki-67 (P=0.008). In conclusion, all Survivin, CDK4 and Ki-67 proteins are over-expressed in pediatric AL and involved in the modulation of apoptosis and proliferation in pediatric AL.
ABSTRACT
Objective To identify the impact of estradiol on the goiter and the function of the thyroid gland with different dosages of estradiol.Methods 48 Wistar rats(female,normal state) were divided into 4 groups: Ⅰ,ovx,Ⅱ,sham;Ⅲ,ovx+E_(2)-low and Ⅳ ovx +E_(2)-large.In each group,we applied nuclide scanning of()~(131)I and()~(99)mTcO4 to detect the thyroid iodine uptake and adopted the technique of RT-PCR to test the expression of NIS.Quantity of TSH、FT_(3)、FT_(4) and the estradiol were examined.Results The expression of NIS was inhibited in group Ⅰ and group Ⅳ.Conclutions Estradiol can enhance the capability of the thyroid glands uptaking iodine and inhibit the expression of NIS and so estradiol is a very important component in the pathogenesis of goiter.
ABSTRACT
To explore immune intervention effects of the combined use of cycloporin A (CsA) and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3] at low doses on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT), porcine thyroglobulin (pTG) was injected into a CBA mouse at the dose of 100 micrograms on day 0 and day 14 to establish the model of EAT. The immune prevention group from day 0 to day 28, and treatment group from day 10 to day 38 were daily administered CsA (10 mg/kg) intragastrically and/or 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.2 microgram/kg) i.p. After immunized by pTG, the mice were sacrificed on day 28 and day 38 to examine their thyroid gland pathologically, and to check the levels of serum porcine thyroglobulin antibodies (pTGAb), porcine thyromicrosomal antibodies (pTMAb). The incidences of EAT in the immune prevention group and treatment group, with administration of low dose of CsA and 1,25(OH)2D3, were decreased respectively by 44.44% and 37.50%. Those of severe disease in the two groups were decreased respectively by 71.43% and 60.32%. The levels of serum pTGAb and pTMAb in the immune prevention group were lower than those of the positive control group. It was concluded that combined use of CsA and 1,25(OH)2D3 at low doses could effectively prevent EAT with a synergic effect.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Antibodies , Blood , Calcitriol , Therapeutic Uses , Cyclosporine , Therapeutic Uses , Drug Synergism , Mice, Inbred CBA , Thyroglobulin , Allergy and Immunology , Thyroiditis, Autoimmune , Drug Therapy , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
AIM: To study the expression of three kinds of transcriptional factors PPAR?, C/EBP? and C/EBP ?mRNA during differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes induced by acylation stimulating protein. METHODS: There were three groups in the study divided by the difference differentiation inducer: (1) control group: incubating the cells without any inducer; (2) IBMX+DEX group: incubating the cells with IBMX and DEX; (3) ASP group: incubating the cells with ASP, IBMX and DEX. The insulin of the typical hormone cocktail method was taken place by ASP. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate by 50 mg/L ASP+0.5 mol/L IBMX+1.0 ?mol/L DEX. The cells were harvested on the first day, second day,4th day, 6th day and 8th day after differentiation, then the total RNA of these cells were abstracted. The transcription factors PPAR?, C/EBP?, and C/EBP? mRNA expressions were assayed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: (1) During the differentiation induced by ASP group, PPAR? mRNA expression in the 3T3-L1 cells were very low on the first day after inducing differentiation. The expression was increased lightly on the second and 4th day after inducing differentiation, and it was kept on the high level on the 6th and 8th day after induction. The C/EBP? mRNA was expressed at low level on the first day after inducing differentiation. It was increased significantly on the second day and decreased significantly on the 4th day after induction. C/EBP? mRNA was not be detected on the 6th and 8th day after induction. The expression of C/EBP? mRNA was low on the first day after inducing differentiation. It was increased on the second and 4th day after induction and it was kept on high level on the 6th and 8th day after induction. (2) During the differentiation induced by IBMX+DEX group, PPAR?, C/EBP? and C/EBP? mRNA expressions were increased at the beginning of differentiation, but the levels of expression were lower than those in ASP group. CONCLUSION: The sequential expression of these transcription factors induced by ASP may be the important mechanism for the role of ASP to induce the preadipocytes to differentiate.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To study the role of acylation stimula ting protein (ASP) in the differentiation of 3T3-F442A preadipocytes. METHODS: Differentiation of 3T3-F442A preadipocytes was induced by ASP. The morphological changes were observed by Oil-Red O staining and the di fferentiation rate was compared. TG synthesis and TG mass in these cells were al so assayed. DNA synthesis was measured by -TdR incorporation. A typical differentiation inducer, insulin, was used as a positive control to compare thes e results. RESULTS: (1) 3T3-F442A preadipocytes were induced to differentia te by ASP alone. Fat droplets were clearly visible in the cytoplasm of 3T3-F442A cells. The differentiation rate was high (90%), but no significant difference w as observed, compared with that in insulin group (95%). (2) In ASP group, TG syn thesis and TG mass were significantly increased, both of them were higher than t hat in control group (P0.05). CONCLUSION: As a new adipocytes hormone, ASP plays an important biological role in the differentiation of preadipocytes.
ABSTRACT
Models of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were prepared in Wistar rats by levothyroxine and tapazole respectively. The levels of blood glucose, insulin and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) of hepatocytic membrane were higher in mild and severe hyperthyroid rats than those in control rats (P