Comparison of forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1]between smoker and non smoker doctors

Aim of this study was to compare the forcedexpiratory volume in one second [FEV1] in smokervs. non smoker doctors

Material and Methods:Individuals were divided into two equal andmatched groups of fifty each. Their ages rangedbetween 27 to 57 years with an average of 18.2 packyears of smoking. Individuals with history ofpulmonary, cardiac, musculoskeletal, neurologicalor any systemic disease which could decline lungfunctions were excluded. Moderate smoking wasdefined as cigarette smoking of 10 pack years.Desktop Spirometer [Geratherm respiratory GmbH]was used in the study and GOLD criteria of COPDwas applied to detect the abnormalities

Results:Mean Age of individuals was 37.65 +/- 7.16 yearsand mean [ +/- SD] height was 174.33 +/- 7.54centimeters. FEV1 was normal in 32 [32%]subjects out of 100 [n=100], out of which 06 weresmokers and 26 were non smokers. Signs of airwayobstruction [FEV1 < 80% predicted] were found in68 [68%] subjects, among whom 44 subjects weresmokers and 24 were non-smoker. Smokers had ahistory of 10 to 41 pack years of smoking with amean of 18.2 pack years. P-value was calculatedusing Chi-square test, which turned out to be 0.00

Conclusion: The prevalence of persistent air flowobstruction is high in asymptomatic smokers. A lowFEV1 in an asymptomatic smoker indicatesindividual with high risk of developing COPD

Frequency of increased mean platelet volume in patients suffering from hypertensive retinopathy

The pathophysiological mechanism of hypertensive retinopathy is not fully established. It is thought that increased platelet activation may play a role in its pathogenesis. As mean platelet volume is a marker of platelet activation, so this study was designed to answer the question: does mean platelet volume increase in hypertensive retinopathy. To determine frequency of increased mean platelet volume in hypertensive retinopathy. Cross-sectional study. Six months. Outpatient department of Medical. unit III, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. 138 patients of essential hypertension with hypertensive retinopathy of all ages and both sexes were included. For grading of hypertensive retinopathy according to the Keith Wagener classification, direct ophthalmoscopy was performed in all the subjects and mean platelet volume was measured after taking the blood sample. The mean platelet volume was found to be normal [10 fl] were found in 41 patients [29.7%], of these 19 were males while 22 were females. In patients of grade 1 hypertensive retinopathy, the mean platelet volume was 9.1 +/- 0.6 fl. In grade 2, 3 and 4 hypertensive retinopathy the values of mean platelet volume were 9.6 +/- 0.5 fl, 10.1 +/- 0.3 fl and 10.7 +/- 0.6 fl respectively. This study concluded that frequency of mean platelet volume is increased in patients of hypertensive retinopathy and frequency increases with increasing the severity of hypertensive retinopathy

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy; diagnostic role, a local experience

To demonstrate the usefulness of Bronchoscopy as a diagnostic tool in various pulmonary disorders. Prospective study. Nawaz Medicare Hospital Faisalabad. June 2004 to December 2007. This study was conducted on 52 patients, 37 were male and 15 were female. Their ages ranged from 26 to 85 years. These patients who under went Bronchoscopy were either suspected cases of bronchogenic carcinoma or had difficult to treat un-resolving pneumonias. Endobronchial biopsies and bronchial aspirates were obtained. In the patients suspected of bronchogenic tumor 66.67% patients turned out to be positive on endobronchial biopsies. Bronchial aspirates were diagnostic in 73.32% cases of un-resolving pneumonias. The commonest symptoms in patients under going Bronchoscopy were haemoptysis and cough. Bronchoscopy is very useful in the diagnosis of suspected cases of bronchogenic carcinoma. Bronchial aspirates are helpful in the diagnosis of un-resolving pneumonias

Superior sagital sinus thrombosis: a case report

A forty years old lady on 15[th] day of her puerperium presented in the emergency ward of Allied hospital Faisalabad with severe headache left sided hemiparesis and focal fits. On examination she had upper motor neuron signs on left side and bilateral papilloedema. CT scan brain showed multiple small areas of haemorrhages in a large infarct. CT venography showed superior sagital sinus thrombosis. She was anticoagulated. Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare cause of CVA. It can be caused by number of congenital and acquired prothrombotic states and drugs. It usually presents with headache focal neurological deficit, fits, altered conscious level and papilloedema. Diagnosis is confirmed on CT venography and magnetic resonance venoghraphy. Patients suffering from this disease are treated with anticoagulants

Frequency of different HCV genotypes in Faisalabad

Hepatitis C Virus [HCV] is thought to be one of the major causative agent of viral hepatitis. A large number of HCV infected patients develop chronic hepatitis which often results in liver cirrhosis and even progress to hepatoma The HCV genotype is the strongest predictive parameter for sustained virological response [SVR]. Patients with different HCV genotypes respond differently to antiviral therapy. Firm evidence has been established that patients with genotypes 2 and 3 are more likely to achieve SVR to combination therapy than Genotype 1 patients. A total of 93 patients from Faisalabad, who were HCV RNA positive were tested for genotyping. Out of the 93 tested serum samples 84 were typable and 9 were found to be untypable. In the typable samples most prevalent genotype was found to be type 3a and common cause of untypable genotypes was a low viral load. The most common type of HCV infection in Faisalabad is due to genotype 3a and the common cause of untypable genotype is probably low viral load

Upper GIT bleeding; prevalence of peptic ulcer

Objective: To find out the prevalence of peptic ulcer in patients with upper GIT bleed Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Gastroenterology of Allied Hospital Faisalabad Period: 1[st] Nov 2001 to 15[th] Apr 2002

Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 100 patients with history of hematemesis or melena of either sex and between 13-70 years of age, presenting in or referred to gastroenterology unit of Allied Hospital Faisalabad

Results: 63 patients were male and 37 were female. Male to female ratio were 2:1 approximately. Out of these 100 patients 27 had peptic ulcer with overall incidence of 27% and 49 had bleeding from esophageal varices i.e. overall incidence of 18%

Conclusions: From this study it was concluded that prevalence of peptic ulcer in patients of upper GIT bleed was far less than those found to have esophageal varices