ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate and analyze the state of injury and treatment for the patients with maxillofacial injuries in Wenchuan earthquake, and search for more effective methods for treating maxillofacial injury. Methods One hundred and sixty-five patients wounded in Wenchuan earthquake were admitted to authors' hospital, and they received specialized diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, the emphasis was put on those patients with severe ear-nose-throat and maxillofacial injuries. Based on the analysis of the state of injuries, the patients were treated with debridement and suture, reshaping and suture, reduction and fixation of fracture, or local or systematic anti-infection therapy. All the treated patients were followed up 2 weeks after treatment. Results Thirty-three of the 165 admitted patients suffered from various degrees of maxillofacial injury (20.0%), including 10 cases of ear injuries (6.1%), 8 cases of nasal trauma (4.8%) and 2 cases of lip laceration (1.2%). All the wounds healed by primary intention after the treatment with no disfiguration. 8 cases of nasal sinus and zygomatic fractures (4.8%) and 5 cases of mandibular fracture (3.0%) recovered nicely after the treatment. No trauma was found in throat, neck, trachea and esophagus. 6 patients (3.6%) were complicated with infection after injury (onset of infection outside of hospital). There was no death. Conclusion Patients with maxillofacial injury should receive early and appropriate treatment. Besides restoration of function, it is also important to restore the physiognomy
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate risk factors for the development of advanced schistosomiasis. Methods The case\|control study was designed with a match of 1∶1 and 1∶2. Healthy persons and chronic schistosomiasis patients were used as control. Each group was composed of 213 cases. Items investigated included: history of schistosomiasis and treatment, exposure to the contaminated water, social\|economical condition and nutritional status, other concomitant diseases. Cellular and humoral immunity, HBVMs and ABO blood groups were also detected. Statistical analysis was performed by 1∶1 and 1∶2 matched single and stepwise conditional logistic regression analysis with SAS software. Results By stepwise conditional logistic regression analysis, it was revealed that number of schistosomiasis examination(OR=1^168-1^311), interval from first infection to last treatment(OR=1^142), interval from first infection to this investigation (OR=1^089), \{HBsAg\++\}(OR=4^683-10^759), \{HBcAb\++\} (OR=2^873), \{HBsAg\++\}+\{HBeAb\++\}+\{HBcAb\++\}(OR=7^64) were risk factors of developing advanced schistosomiasis. The average living space and cellular immunity were lower in advanced schistosomiasis patients than others. No association was found between advanced schistosomiasis and ABO blood groups. Conclusion The development of advanced schistosomiasis is associated with repeated infections, and delayed or incomplete treatment. Combined infection with hepatitis B, poor socio\|economic conditions and impaired cellular immunity may increase the pathogenetic risk of schistosomiasis.