ABSTRACT
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the main factors that threaten human health and life.WHO data show that about 3.3 million people die each year worldwide due to AUD.AUD has become a global public health concern,but its neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,it is particularly urgent to develop valid and reliable animal models to investigate the underlying mechanisms of AUD.This review summarizes the animal species and modeling methods of AUD in order to explore the potential influence on the deviation of modeling in alcohol intake and provide helpful inputs to behavioral research of AUD.
ABSTRACT
Phosphodiesterase-4 ( PDE4 ) has been one of the most popular drug targets during recent years due to its critical role in the control of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophos-phate ( cAMP ) concentration and downstream signal transduc-tion. PDE4 is widely distributed in the central nervous system ( CNS) with different expression levels of its four subtypes. Re-cent data indicate that altered PDE4 expression and/or activity is relevant to multiple CNS disorders, such as depression, memory deficiency, drug dependence, and neural lesion. Selective PDE4 inhibitors exhibit therapeutic effects on these disorders and might be a promising pharmacotherapy. The paper highlights recent re-search progress in the roles of PDE4 in CNS function, and dis-cusses the prospects of PDE4 as a novel therapeutic target for CNS disorders.
ABSTRACT
Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognition impairment and behavioral abnormalities.While the mechanisms involved in AD remain unclear,various hypotheses have been proposed regarding pathogenesis of AD,among which the oxidative stress hypothesis has attracted more and more attention.In the present article,the relationship between oxidative stress and AD is reviewed,including sources of neuronal oxygen radical generation,the link of oxidative stress to pathogenesis of AD,preclinical and clinical studies of AD,therapeutic effects of antioxidants and phosphodiesterase inhibitors on AD.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To investigate the effects of rolipram on the ability of learning and memory and the activity of PDE4 in hippocampus following the focal brain injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats.METHODS:The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) in rats.The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,model group,and rolipram group.Rolipram was administered once a day(1 mg/kg,ip) from 6 h after the onset of the operation for 2 weeks.Then the learning and memory abilities were tested after Morris water maze and step-though training.The activity of PDE4 in hippocampus was evaluated by HPLC.RESULTS:In the Morris water maze test,compared to sham-operated group,the platform-finding time and swimming distance in model group were significantly longer(P