Prevalence and factors associated with effective helmet use among motorcyclists in Mysuru City of Southern India

BACKGROUND@#Helmet use reduces the risk and severity of head injury and death due to road traffic crash among motorcyclists. The protective efficacy of different types of helmets varies. Wearing firmly fastened full-face helmet termed as effective helmet use provides greatest protection. This study estimates the prevalence and factors associated with effective helmet use among motorcyclists in Mysuru, a tier II city in Southern India.@*METHODS@#Cross-sectional road side observational study of 3499 motorcyclists (2134 motorcycle riders and 1365 pillion riders) at four traffic intersections was done followed by interview of random sample of 129 of the above riders. Effective helmet use proportion and effective helmet use per 100 person-minute of observation was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with effective helmet use.@*RESULTS@#Prevalence of effective helmet use was 28 per 100 riders and 19.5 per 100 person-minute of observation in traffic intersections. Prevalence rates of effective helmet use was higher among riders (34.5% vs pillion riders 18.1%), female riders (51.3% vs male riders 26.8%), and male pillion riders (30.5% vs female pillion riders 13.7%). Riders commuting for work and school and those ever stopped by the police in the past 3 months had significantly higher odds of effective helmet use.@*CONCLUSION@#Despite helmet use being compulsory by law for motorcyclists, the effective helmet use was low in Mysore. Strict enforcement and frequent checks by the police are necessary to increase the effective helmet use.

Crescent-Shaped Supernumerary Tooth - A Rare Case Report

Supernumerary tooth is a developmental anomaly and has been argued to arise from multiple etiologies. In general, hyperdontia is of two types according to shape: Supplemental (teeth of normal shape and size) and rudimentary (teeth of abnormal shape and size which include conical, tuberculate, and molariform types). We hereby present a case of a 7-year-old male child who reported with a crescent-shaped white mass in the anterior part of palate since 6 months with associated pain and swelling for past 1 week. The mass was excised under local anesthesia. On clinical, radiographic, and histological examination a crescent-shaped white mass measuring 1.3 mm×0.5 mm×0.5 mm showing the normal thickness of enamel, dentin, and cementum enclosing a pulp space was seen. Hence, a diagnosis of crescent-shaped supernumerary tooth was given.

Nasopalatine Duct Cyst Mimicking As Residual Cyst- An Enigma In Clinical Diagnosis- A Case Report

Incisive canal cyst or nasopalatine duct cysts (NPDCs) are the most common non-odontogenic cysts of the maxilla. These are the common intraosseous developmental cyst occurring in the midline of the maxillary anterior region. They are usually asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during the routine radiographic examination. They can be described as a well-circumscribed radiolucency between the root apices of the maxillary central incisors. Since these lesions show diagnostic dilemma in clinical and radiological study, a definitive diagnosis is required to be confirmed by histopathology. Surgical approach with enucleation of the cyst is the definitive treatment of NPDC. Hereby, we report an unusual presentation of NPDCs mimicking as residual cyst which was associated with missing upper anterior teeth

An Unusual Cause of Calcific Thoracic Metastases.

Clinical Summary: An 18-year-old male presented with progressive breathlessness and cough of two months duration. He also complained of generalised body pains, low grade intermittent fever, anorexia and weight loss. He was started on empiric daily anti-tuberculosis treatment with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazianmide and ethambutol from elsewhere for right-sided pleural effusion one month ago. He presented to us as he did not experience improvement in his condition. There was no other significant medical history. Physical examination showed a 10cm x 8cm, non-tender hard bony mass with ill-defined margins over the upper third of left arm. There was no evidence of digital clubbing or peripheral lymphadenopathy. Respiratory system examination showed features of a right-sided pleural effusion.

Use of Plackett-Burman design for rapid screening of nitrogen and carbon sources for the production of lipase in solid state fermentation by Yarrowia lipolytica from mustard oil cake (Brassica napus)

Mustard oil cake (Brassica napus), the residue obtained after extraction of mustard oil from mustard oil seeds, was investigated for the production of lipase under solid state fermentation (SSF) using the marine yeast Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3589. Process parameters such as incubation time, biomass concentration, initial moisture content, carbon source concentration and nitrogen source concentration of the medium were optimized. Screening of ten nitrogen and five carbon sources has been accomplished with the help of Plackett-Burman design. The highest lipase activity of 57.89 units per gram of dry fermented substrate (U/gds) was observed with the substrate of mustard oil cake in four days of fermentation.

Pattern of craniofacial injuries and socio demographic distribution of road traffic accidents in Bangalore: Autopsy study.

Background: Among all types of accidents, those caused by motor vehicles claim the largest toll of life and tend to be most serious, road traffic accidents (RTA) continues to be growing menace incurring heavy loss of valuable man –power, along with corresponding drain of potential economic growth of country. Objective: Present study was taken up with the aim to assess the Socio demographic distribution of road traffic accidents and the pattern of craniofacial injuries occurred in RTA. Materials and Methods: A Descriptive Cross sectional study was conducted on the post mortems of RTA cases. Convenient purposive sampling technique was applied to select the sample of 113 road traffic accident autopsies. Results: Majority of the victims aged between 21 to 40 years (50.44%), most of the victims were males 104 (92.0%), and Hindus 102 (90.27%). More crashes 42 (37.17%) took place between 6:00 PM to 12:00 PM on weekends 62 (54.87%) at city cross roads 62 (54.87%). Most of the accidents occurred by heavy motor vehicle 45(39.82%). Most of the times in road traffic accidents, productive age group males (21-40 years) were injured or lost their life. More than fifty per cent of the accidents were found to occur during the weekend evenings from 6:00PM to 12:00PM. Conclusion: Since the road traffic traumas are worsening each year, to minimise the severity of injury, man's interaction with the motor car may have been somewhat modified by crash protection devices, such as helmets, seat belts and air bags.

Preparation of activated kaza’s carbons from bio-materials and their characterization.

Prepared three different activated carbons from parts of three different bio-materials viz., Phaseolus trilobus, Leucena leucocephala and Casuarina collected from agricultural field. In the present study phsicochemical and surface characterstics of these prepared carbons have been discussed. For surface characterization FTIR and EDAX methods were used.

Diet and nutritional status of rural preschool children in Punjab.

OBJECTIVE: To assess diet and nutritional profile of rural preschool children of Punjab. STUDY DESIGN: Multistage random sampling method was adopted by following probability proportion to population size (PPS). SUBJECT: Four hundred households (HH) were covered in each district of Punjab for socio-economic and demographic information. All the available individuals from these HHs were included for anthropometry and clinical examination. Every fourth household was covered for 24-hour recall method of diet survey (individual dietary intake). RESULTS: At the state level, the intake of macro and micronutrient rich foods such as cereals, pulses and green leafy vegetables, milk and milk products and fats and oils were lower than the RDI among preschool children. Except for protein, calcium and thiamine, the mean intake of all the nutrients was lower than the recommended level. About a half of the preschool children (50.3%) were undernourished (> 2SD weight for age); 60% were stunted (> 2SD height for age) and 12% were wasted (> 2SD weight for height). The extent of undernutrition and stunting was lower than that reported for the country. There was significant variation in the prevalence of severe stunting between the districts (p < 0.001), with the highest being observed in the Rupnagar (55%) and the lowest in Hoshiarpur and Sangrur (30% each). CONCLUSION: Despite, the reported high rates of economic growth and food production in the state, a higher proportion of preschool children were consuming diets, which are inadequate with respect to energy, fat, iron, riboflavin, vitamin A and vitamin C. The prevalence of undernutrition was high as was found in other states.

A Study On The Heritability And Interfamilial Variation Of Digital Dermatoglyphic Patterns.

Forty eight random families from the population of Andhra Pradesh were selected for the analysis of digital dermatoglyphic patterns and patterns intensity index (PII). The loops were found to be more frequent in the present sample followed by whorls and arches. Sex difference was not evident in the frequency distribution of digital patterns. There was no significant bilateral assymetry in the distribution of digital patterns between the right and left hands of the individuals. The dermatoglyphic patterns showed a specific trend in their distribution on individual fingers, i.e., whorls occurred frequently on finger IV, ulnar loops on finger V, radial loops on finger II and arches on finger II. The pattern intensity index as calculated from the different digital patterns exhibited high heritability values. The correlation coefficients of pattern intensity index between various familial relationships were found to be significant indicating the involvement of genetic factors, mostly autosomal. The partitioning of total phenotypic variance into various components of variance revealed the action of polygenes with more of additive effect, dominance deviation being negligible. This was confirmed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). In general, our study indicated the involvement of polygenes with additive effect and also of environmental components which might be intra-uterine in origin.

Morphology and histology of the female reprodutive system of Abedus ovatus Stal (Belostomatidae: Hemiptera: Insecta)

In Abedus ovatus Stal, the female reprodutive system consists of a pair of ovaries leading to oviduct and opens out by genital aperture. Each ovary is composed of five telotrophic ovarioles, with four different regions, terminal filament, germarium, vitellarium and pedicel. Germarium and vitellarium are the germ tubes in which the development of oocyte occurs. In the germarium, the differentiation of trophocytes into young oocytes was observed in three zones, Z I, Z II and Z III. Further development of oocytes in the vitellarium could be divided into seven stages, ST I-ST VII. The development eggs are lodged in the pedicel.

Delusional parasitosis--study of 3 cases.

Delusional disorder-somatic (parasitosis) type is a rare psychiatric disorder which poses a challenge to diagnostic and therapeutic skills. Pimozide, a highly specific dopamine blocker has shown promising results in the 3 cases illustrated here. These cases were seen over a period of 3 years. All the three patients believed that an insect has entered through the ear and is burrowing tracts/laying multiple eggs. They approached the ENT surgeons or neurosurgeon with a fear that their brain will be invaded. On psychiatric evaluation, no past or present history of major psychiatric illness was found. Premorbid personalities were well adjusted. Only for two patients, acute moderate stressors were detected. Delusions disappeared by the end of 2 wks but therapy was continued for 5 months.

A new bopyrid isopod athelges neotenuicaudis (crustacea: Isopoda: epicaridea) parasitic on pagurus kulkarnii from Visakhapatnam coast, India

Se describe un nuevo isópodo bopirido ectoparásito Athelges neotenuicaudis, obtenido de la jaiba Pagurus kulkarnii. Los ejemplares fueron encontrados en la región de intermareas de Mukkam, costa de Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Se compara A. neotenuicaudis n. sp. con A. paguri, rathke, 1843, A. tenuicaudis rathke, 1843 y A. bilobus rathke, 1843

Description of the new species acanthobothrium satyanarayanaraoi from rhinobatus granulatus from Waltair coast, India

Se describe la nueva especie de cestode parásito acanthobothrium satyanarayanaraoi del huésped elasmobranquio rhinobatus granulatus. Este gusano se diferencia de otras especies conocidas del género acanthobothrium en su mayor tamaño, escólex más grande, botridias y en algunas otras características

Hysterothylacium pseudotumbili n.sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from the marine fishes of Visakhapatnam, Bay of Bengal

Hysterothylacium pseudotumbili n.sp. del estómago y cavidad visceral de peces marinos, Chorineus tol Cuvier, Saurida undosquamis (Richardson), Lutianus russelli (Bleecker), Rastrilliger, kanagurta (Cuvier) y Saurida pseudotumbili Dutt y Vidyasagar colectados en Visakhapatnam (Bahía de Bengala) es descrito y representado en detalle. Un examen minucioso nos ha permitido establecer una nueva especie de Hysterothylacium para ubicar a dicho gusano. Muestra notables diferencias con otras especies conocidas de Hysterothylacium en relación a medidas del cuerpo, distribución de las papilas labiales, ubicación del anillo nervioso y poro excretorio, largo ciego intestinal, posición de la vulva, número y distribución de las papilas caudales y tamaño de las espículas. La nueva especie es designada como Hysterothylacium pseudotumbili. Saurida pseudotumbili es el nuevi huésped que se registra. Este es el primer reporte del género de este huésped. La costa de Visakhapatnam es la nueva localidad registrada

Two species of heterophyid larval digeneans from a thiarid gastropod thiara tuberculata (Muller) from India

Dos especies de cercarias heterofídeas, cercaria de Haplorchis taichi y de Haplorchis pumilio fueron obtenidas de Thiara tuberculata de Visakhpatnam, India. Este es el primer registro de ambos parásitos en India. Las características de la cercaria H. Kaichiu están constituídas por la presencia de dos series de finos pliegues, uno lateral y otro dorsoventral, 15 espinas puntiagudas distribuidas en tres filas alternadas y siete pares de glándulas lobuladas de penetración dispuestas en dos líneas longitudinales. La cercaria de H. pumilio se caracteriza por la presencia de dos series de finos pliegues caudales, 15 espinas puntiagudas en tres filas alternadas y siete pares de voluminosas glándulas unicelulares de penetración

New records of Porrocaecum sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. Nematoda: Anisakidae; from fishes of bay of bengal

El presente artículo trata de nuevos registros de nematodes de la familia Heterocheilidae Railliet y Henry, 1912. Durante un estudio de los parásitos de peces marinos (tiburón, raya y teleósteos) de la Bahía de Bengala, fueron observadas hembras de interesantes nematodes parásitos en el estómago y cavidad visceral de Chiloscyllium (Gmelin), Torpedo panthera (Olfers), Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch) y Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier de Visakhapatnam, Beheemunipatnam y Yarada (Andra Pradesh). La mayoría de sus características concuerdan con Porrocaecum galeocerdonie e Hysterothylacium engraulisi, pero difieren en variaciones mínimas. Debido a que no se dispuso del macho, no es posible clasificar los presentes ejemplares en ningula de las especies conocidas del género Porrocaecum y Hysterothylacium. Por lo tanto, deben ser referidas como Porrocaecum sp. y Hysterothylacium sp. Chiloscyllium indicum y Torpedo panthera son nuevos huéspedes registrados. Visakhapatnam, Bheemunipatnam y Yarada son las nuevas localidades registradas

Redescriptions of Genera Raphidascaris Railliet et Henry, 1915 and Paranisakis Baylis, 1923 (Nematoda Heterocheilidae), and ParaCammallanus Yorke and Maplestone, 1926 (Nematoda Cammallanidae) from fish of Andhra Pradesh

En el presente artículo se tratan las redescripciones de la especie de un nematode de las familias Heterocheilidae Raillet y Henry, 1915 y Camallanidae Raillet y Henry, 1915 del intestino y estómago de los peces marinos Epinephelus areolatus (Forskal), Tachysurus tenuispinis (Day), Johnius diacanthus (Lecépedes), Ilisha filigera (Valenciennes), Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch), Dasyatis (Himantura) uarnak (Forkal), Pterois russelli Benet, Scoliodon sorrakowah (Cuvier) y Carangoides malabaricus Bloch y Schneider, de Visakhapatnam y Katinada (Andra Pradesch). La mayoría de las características concuerda con las de Raphidascaris chirocentri Yamaguti, 1935, Paranisakis pastinacae (Rudd., 1819) Baylis, 1936 y Paracamallanus Theraponis Kalyankar, 1970, pero difiere de él en las medidas de su cuerpo, longitud esofágica, ubicación del anillo nervioso, longitud de los tridentes, presencia de estriaciones, forma y posición de la estructura vulval y tamaño de los huevos. Con la excepción de estas variaciones menores, en todas las otras características hay concordancia con las especies antes mencionadas. Debido a que no se dispone de macho, no es posible ubicar a los presentes ejemplares en ninguna de las especies conocidas del género Raphidascaris, Paranisakis y Paracamallanus, por lo que serán referidos como Raphidascaris sp., Paranisakis sp. y Paracamallanus sp. Dasyatis uarnak, Pterois russelli, Scoliodon sorrakowah y Carangoides malabaricus son nuevos huéspedes registrados, en tanto que Visakhapatnam y Kakinada son las nuevas localidades registradas

Description of a new species of thynnascaris Dollfus, 1933 (nematoda: Anisakidae) from the stomach of the marine Teleost fish Rachycentron canadus (Linnaeus)

Se describe una nueva especie de nematodo del género Thynnascaris, obtenida del teleósteo Rachycentron canadus (Linnaeus). Un detallado examen de dicho nematodo ha permitido establecer una nueva especie para encasillarlo. Muestra notables diferencias en relación a otras especies de Thynnascaris conocidas, tanto en lo que respecta a tamaño corporal, largo del apéndice esofágico y ciego intestinal, situación del anillo nervioso y poro excretor, disposición de las papilas labiales, tipo de estriaciones cuticulares, posición de la vulva, disposición de las papilas caudales, como a tamaño de las espículas. La nueva especie ha sido denominada Thynnascaris shyamasundarii