ABSTRACT
Individual obesity is the result of a complex interplay among genetically determined body habits appetite ,nutritional intake, physical activity and environmental factor. Obesity is increasing worldwide to the extent that WHO recently declared that obesity considered as pandemic. It is constituted one of the leading future threads to public health .The main target of this work was to study the effect of food habits and physical activity on body weight among primary school children. The total sample included [842] boys number was 389 [46.19%] and Girls number was453 [53.8%] girls .Obesity represented 47% of the total sample size 55% in boys and 40% in girls their age from 6-12years from primary school in Cairo governorate. Results showed that the vast majority of boys and girls [86.7 %] [ 86.9 %] take three meals per day, while a few of them [9.4%] [10.2%] take two servings, and a minority of them [3.1% and 2.7%] takes more than three meals. Results revealed that a high percentage take snacks in between meals [93%] in boys [89%] in girls . Results showed that the percentage [80.2 %] [.80 %] of boys and girls, consume junk food during watching T.V. Majority of the study sample take pocket money at school by [95.8 %] [96.9 %] [boys and girls Respectively Practicing physical activity was low in obese children compared to non-obese The major contributor to the rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity was low physical activity calorie-dense, nutrient food- and eating while watching T.V
ABSTRACT
Oral hygiene and personal hygiene are the efficient form of preventive health measures. M Poor oral hygiene, measles and malnutrition are implicated as predisposing factors to Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis [ANUG] and cancrum oris. Malnutrition predominantly affects third world countries where there is a limited supply of nutrient rich foods. Some third world nations also lack particular nutrients such as vitamin C, B and calcium resulting in poor oral health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of nutritional and socio-economic status on oral hygiene among Egyptian children. 800 children aged 5 to 8 years were examined. They were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire to record past oral and dental health history, dietary and socio-economic data of children and their parents, as well as, measles immunization status of children. The nutritional status of children was determined using anthropometric measurements. Oral Hygiene was assessed using Oral Hygiene Index Simplified [OHI-S]. Children aged 5-<6 years comprised the highest percent in the malnourished group [41%]. However, in normal nourished children the highest percentage of children were among the age group [7-8 years] comprising [42%]. Higher incidence of malnourished children [34%] was among the low socio-economic level households compared to [16.8%] in middle socio-economic level households, the difference was statistically significant. Results revealed significant statistical association between mother's educational level and nutritional status of their children. The highest percentage of gingivitis was in children who do not brush at all followed by those who brush their teeth daily then children who do not frequently use the brush respectively. There was a significant difference between the frequencies of drinking fizzy drinks in the overweight subgroup on oral hygiene compared with sweets and crunches. There was a significant statistical association between affected gingival level and nutritional status. This study could be concluded that a reciprocal interrelationship between the level of malnutrition and oral hygiene status among children. The presented findings of this study could throw the light on the urgent need for nutritional assessment protocols via a recall schedule as well as intervention programs, such as regular systematic oral examination and treatment for children at different ages