ABSTRACT
Cancer is one of the major fatal diseases that seriously threaten human health， and its burden needs to be solved urgently. Health technology assessment （HTA） can provide scientific evidence-based basis for cancer diagnosis， treatment， prevention and related policy formulation. Cost-utility analysis is the gold standard for economic evaluation in HTA， and the accurate measurement of its health utility is one of the key elements to determine the accuracy of its results. This article focuses on systematic introduction of direct measures， multi-attribute health utility scales， and mapping methods in the field of cancer measurement and reviews their applications in cancer patients. Among them， direct measures are complex， costly， and require a high level of subject knowledge； multi-attribute health utility measures are currently the preferred method for measuring health utility in cancer patients； with the continuous development and refinement of disease-specific utility measures in multi-attribute health utility instruments， the mapping method may gradually decrease in future applications. This paper can provide a reference for the selection of health utility measurement tools for HTA in the field of cancer， and provide evidence-based basis for optimizing resource allocation and policy formulation in the field of cancer.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of flavonoids components in Astragali Ra-dix,and to explore the relationship among flavonoids components,varieties,origins and planting patterns. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Venusil ASB with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.3% formic acid (gradient elution) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 260 nm,and column temperature was 25 ℃. Medicinal material quality of Astragalus mem-branaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao and A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge of wild and cultivated from different province was compared. RESULTS:The linear range of the mass concentration was 0.008 9-2.224 mg/ml for calycosin glucoside (r=0.999 5),0.005 2-1.3 mg/ml for ononin(r=0.999 6),0.002 8-0.697 6 mg/ml for calycosin(r=0.999 9)and 0.002-0.5 mg/ml for formononetin (r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 1%;recoveries were 99.52%-100.74%(RSD=0.41%,n=6)for calycosin glucoside,98.84%-100.60%(RSD=0.60%,n=6)for ononin ,98.47%-101.74%(RSD=1.08%,n=6)for calycosin,100.10%-101.59%(RSD=0.32%,n=6)for formononetin. In terms of varieties,the contents of calycosin glycosides,ononin and flavonoids in A. membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge. var. mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao were higher than those of A. membranaceus (Fisch.)Bge,but the contents of calycosin and formononetin were less than those of A. membranaceus (Fisch.)Bge;in terms of origins,calycosin glycosides and flavonoids of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi held the highest contents,fol-lowed by those of Northeast China and Gansu,and lowest in Shandong,Anhui and Shaanxi;in terms of planting patterns,the con-tents of calycosin glycosides,ononin and flavonoids of wild Astragali Radix were higher than those of cultivated varieties,and the contents of calycosin and formononetin of cultivated varieties were higher than those of wild ones. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,stable and reproducible,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of flavonoids components in Astragali Radix. The flavonoids components show great differences in Astragali Radix from different origins,and they are affected by varieties,ori-gins and planting patterns.