ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the needs to reform curriculum for the graduate students in health management, and to provide evidence for the reform of the curriculum system. Methods From Jan-uary 2015 to May from China's colleges and universities carrying out health management professional post-graduate education, graduate students and supervisors from 3 universities were selected, and self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate their views on training objectives, abilities and curriculum settings, as well as the needs and suggestions for curriculum reform. The questionnaire survey data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Results 120 questionnaires were issued and 100 were recovered in the study, with a recovery rate of 83.3％. 84.0％ of the graduate students did not manage relevant work experience before entering the school. The graduate students thought that we should focus on the research and teaching ability training related to the management of health services, and then the cultivation of management ability. There were 60 questionnaires for instructors, and 51 were recovered, with a recovery rate of 85.0％. With regard to the demand for ability training , teachers and graduate students tended to agree on the goal and focus of the training. 100.0％instructors believed that learning was an important course, only 11.2％ of the students thought that the course of study was not important, but to the current status of health manage-ment professional postgraduate courses, 79.3％ instructors believed that the current curriculum was reasonable, and only 53.5％of the students thought it reasonable. Conclusion The emphasis should be given to optimizing the course setting, adding practical and innovative courses, and strengthening the training of scientific research, etc., which is the only way to improve the quality of health management postgraduate education and meet the needs of health development.
ABSTRACT
Currently,the toxicity study of traditional Chinese medicine is faced with the following problems. Firstly,the evaluation in vitro cannot fully reflect the true state of the body. Secondly,the traditional method is not sensitive enough to the early toxicity. Lastly,the toxicity evaluation indexes cannot determine whether the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine produces toxicity or increases toxicity systematically. The paper proposed a synthesized early evaluation research method for target organ toxicity induced by traditional Chinese medicine:screening,validation,optimization and application. This method mainly inoolves early target organ toxicity biomarkers in screening,optimi?zation,validation,biological significance explanation,and application to the traditional Chinese medicine incompatibility based on the metabolic dynamic fingerprint spectrum in order to obtain biomarkers of target organ toxicity that are sensitive and precede conventional biochemical indices for early evaluation . We attempted to analyze the pattern of chang of the biomarkers for animals acted by″18 incompatible medicaments″compatibility combination. We found that Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata with cardiotoxicity were compatible with Rhizoma Pinelliae,and that Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim,Fritillaria,Ampelopsis Radix and Bletilla striata without non-cardiotoxicity produced and increased cardiotoxicity systematically.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effects of pulsed ultrasound at different intensities on the healing of standardized contusions in an animal model. Methods Forty-eight 3-month-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats were given experimental contusions of the right gastrocnemius muscle before being divided into four groups randomly ( n =12 in each group): (1) a muscle injury control group (muscle injury without treatment); (2) a muscle injury and pulsed ultrasound (0.25 W/cm2 ) group; (3) a muscle injury and pulsed ultrasound ( 0.5W/cm2 ) group; and (4)a muscle injury and pulsed ultrasound ( 0.75 W/cm2 ) group. Pulsed ultrasound treatment ( frequency 3 mega Hz)was started 24 hours post injury and delivered 5 min daily for 14 days on the injured right hindlimb. At days 4, 7 and 14 after injury, muscle samples were analyzed through hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for the detection of muscle satellite cells and desmin. Results The average optical density (IOD) of desmin-positive mononucleated cells had increased significantly at days 4, 7 and 14 post injury in the treatment groups compared to the control group, but with no statistically significant difference among the 3 ultrasound treatment groups. Conclusions The pulsed ultrasound treatment played a beneficial role in skeletal muscle regeneration after contusion. There was no significant dose-dependent effect over the intensity range of 0.25-0.75 W/cm2.