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Background: The assessment of anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness assist the researcher in comparing the growth and health status of urban and rural school girls. Purpose of this research was to examine anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness of urban and rural school girls of district Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Methods: The participants were government primary schoolgirls (urban = 200), and (rural = 200), within the age of 8-10 years. The selected anthropometric and physical fitness variables were stature, body mass, skinfolds, girths, breadths, lengths, speed, standing broad jump, agility, ball throw, handgrip strength, endurance, and flexibility. A student t-test was applied to assess the difference between urban and rural school girls in their anthropometric and physical fitness measures. Results: Results showed the urban school girl was significantly superior in body mass, iliac-crest skinfold(P< .04), abdominal skinfold(P< .04), waist girth (P< .04), hip girth (P< .01), thigh girth(P< .01), arm length, and hand length. In contrast, the rural school girls were significantly higher in speed(P< .02), agility(P< .02), ball throw (P< .02), flexibility( P< .03), run and walk (P< .04) than the urban school girls. Conclusion: It is concluded the urban school girls were higher in skin folds and girths, indicate high body fats than rural school girls. As a result, urban school girls were lower in fitness capacity than rural because higher body fat reduces fitness performance. It is suggested the parents and school administration focus to provide such activities to improve physical fitness and reduce body fats of urban school girls. The future study focusses on investigating the effects of food intake on the anthropometric characteristics, and physical fitness of urban and rural school children.
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Abstracts: Background: Major depressive disorder is most common mood disorder and is one of the most burdensome and disabling disease in the world. Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis in depressed patients play a substantial role in autonomic dysregulation, as patient with depression have elevated levels of cortisol. The present study was conducted with a motive to compare and evaluate the effects of depression on cardiovascular autonomic functioning compared with healthy controls. Methodology: In this study 72 subjects were selected out of that 36 were depressed and 36 were control. All depressed patient were taken from outpatient department of Psychiatry. All subjects were between the age group of 18- 60 years. Control group were students and employees of Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) having no current or past psychiatric illness. HRV test was done in a well-lighted and ventilated room of Physiology Department. 5 minute ECG recording with 16 channel digital polywrite were taken at resting state. ECG was analysed on Kubios HRV analysis software version 1.1, for calculation of frequency domain parameter. Results: On analysis it was revealed that depressed patients showed altered values of HF component of HRV (23.33 +34.454) than control group (118.31 + 201.186), which is significantly lower (p< 0.05) indicating lower parasympathetic activity. Conclusion: The findings from this study are consistent with the hypothesis that cardiac autonomic dysfunction is experienced by individuals with depression, especially decreased parasympathetic nerve.
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Background and objectives: Enteric fever continues to be an important health problem in Bangladesh. Emerging drug resistance adds magnitude to this problem. Only surveillance studies can help form guidelines for therapy under such a situation. The present study was undertaken to determine the current pattern in antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric fever cases in a private medical college and to find out the incidence of multidrug resistant (MDR) cases.
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A hospital based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Nephrology unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) to see the association between epidemiological pattern of renal insufficiency with sociodemographic factors, kidney related factors and others factors. Sources of data include patient interviews, diagnosis cards and case records. Respondents were categorized to their CKD stage according to their estimated GFR on Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD). The sample comprised 150 patients suffering from CKD with male and female ratio being 1.5:1, mean age of the population was 47 years (SD ± 14.5), 47.3% of the respondents had history of streptococcal throat infection and 10% had previous kidney disease Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) was the commonly advised therapy for CKD indicating very late diagnosis of CKD. Total 49.3% had smoking habit while 60.7% was on regular physical exercise and 49.3% took extra salt on their dietary habit, 52.7% were diabetic and 78.7% were hypertensive and 40% had both diabetes and hypertension. Total 76.6% were in stage-5 of CKD where 60.7% of them used NSAID with 54.0% within normal range of BMI. There is statistically significant difference with stage of renal insufficiency and history of streptococcal throat infection (p=0.00) and therapy advised for CKD (P-0.01). Worldwide, CKD is becoming a common disease in the general population. It requires early, accurate and improved detction and mangemnt of diabetes and hypertension, the major contributors to CKD.
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Background: Nearly 40% of patients presenting with Non ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) have Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). CKD is a powerful predictor of adverse events among NSTEMI patients. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the in-hospital outcome of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease presenting with Non ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Methods: In this prospective observational study a total of 128 patients with NSTEMI were enrolled. They were divided equally in group I (NSTEMI with CKD) and group II (NSTEMI with normal renal function) on the basis of estimated glomerular filtration rate. Patients were considered to have CKD if he/she had documented history of CKD or estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m². Presence of inhospital complications was identified. Results: Patients with CKD were significantly older, with a greater prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, and lower haemoglobin level compared with those without CKD. CKD patients had more atypical presentation during admission. In-hospital complications were significantly higher in CKD patients presenting with NSTEMI. Conclusion: CKD strongly predicts adverse in-hospital outcome among NSTEMI patients.
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Presently an effort has been made to determine the effectiveness of probiotics against marine pathogenic bacterial load ingested by Artemia franciscana nauplii. In this experiment Artemia franciscana nauplii was allowed to ingest pathogenic bacterial strains, viz. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Vibrio cholerae and Shigella sp. Probiotic organism (Bioremid) was used against the pathogenic strains on Artemia franciscana nauplii. On completion of the experiment it was observed that the use of Probiotic organism (Bioremid) reduced the pathogenic bacterial load, especially that of Shigella sp. on Artemia franciscana.
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Methanolic extracts of different parts of five medicinal plants, Ferula assafoetidaL. resin, Grewia asiaticaL. leaves, Ipomoea hederaceaJacq. seeds, Lepidium sativumL. seeds and Terminalia chebulaRetz. fruits were tested in vitrofor their cytotoxic, phytotoxic, insecticidal, nematicidal and anthelmintic activities. Ipomoea hederaceashowed very significant phytotoxic and cytotoxic activity, with 100% inhibition of Lemna minorgrowth and 100% death of Artemia salinaat concentrations of 1000 and 100 µg mL-1. Grewia asiaticaexhibited very weak activities while Lepidium sativumand Ferula assafoetidashowed moderate to good potential in all three bioassays. The results suggest screening of Ipomoea hederaceaseeds further for isolation of bioactive compounds that may be responsible for its toxic potential.
Subject(s)
Animals , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Ferula/chemistry , Grewia/chemistry , Ipomoea/chemistry , Lepidium sativum/chemistry , Pakistan , Plant Extracts/classification , Terminalia/chemistryABSTRACT
Background: The presence of ischemic ECG changes on admission has been shown to predict outcome, the relationship between the extent of ECG changes and the risk of cardiac events is still ill defined. The severity of ST-segment depression on admission ECG has a strong association with adverse in-hospital outcome in patients with non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. The study was done to observe the extent of ST-segment depression and in-hospital outcome in patients with non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology in NICVD Dhaka, from January 2006 to December 2007. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 183 patients were evaluated. All the patients were evaluated clinically after admission. ECG, blood biochemistry and echocardiography were done. Patients were categorized into three groups according to the extent of ST- segment depression. Results: In this study, analysis of the baseline parameters revealed no statistically significant difference among the three groups of patients (p>0.05). Mean sum of the ST-segment depression analysis was done and all mean values were more in group III patients. 41.0% patients developed complications during the study period. Acute LVF (22.9%) was the most common complication followed by arrhythmia (11.5%), cardiogenic shock (4.4%) and STEMI (2.2%). All the complications were more in group III patients. During this period 6% patients died and more death (12.3%) was observed in group III patients. Conclusion: The amount of ST-segment depression is a powerful predictor of adverse in-hospital outcome in patients with non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome.
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Retroperitoneal hematoma may occur as a result of trauma, rupture of arterial aneurysms (aortic or iliac), surgical complications, tumors and anticoagulation therapy. A life threatening retroperitoneal hemorrhage or hematoma is an infrequent complication of anticoagulation treatment. Enoxaparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) with several advantages over unfractionated heparin. Nevertheless, enoxaparin use is not without risk and severe retroperitoneal bleeding may occur following its use with a potentially fatal outcome. We report a case of sixty six years old female patient who develops a fatal retroperitoneal hematoma two days after enoxaparin treatment for acute coronary syndrome.