dangerous alliance; hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM] the prevalence of hypertension in NIDDM

Early therapeutic intervention for hypertension is the key for modifying prognosis and complications in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM]. In order to investigate the prevalence of hypertension in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM], one hundred patients of NIDDM admitted in medical wards of Nishtar Hospital Multan were examined during the period from January 2006 to December 2006. There were 46 males and 54 females- Their ages varied from 30 years to 65 years [mean age 48.4 +/- 9.3 years]. Their weight varied from 50 to 100 Kg [mean weight 68.2 +/- 8.5 Kg]. 46% of cases of NIDDM occurred in subjects with age < 50 years while 54% patients were above age 50, Frequency of diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and cardiovascular disease was 24%, 36%, 30% and 26%. 56% of the patients had proteinuria, 30% were microalbuminuric while 26% were macroalbuminuric. Prevalence of hypertension was 30%. Hypertension was more prevalent in elderly diabetics, [mean age 53.13 +/- 7.8], in patients with longer duration of diabetics [mean duration 7.66 +/- 2.84 years] and in patients who had higher body weight [mean body weight 72 +/- 6.37 Kg]. Retinopathy, ischemic heart disease and neuropathy occurred more frequently in diabetic hypertensive patients. Their prevalence rates were 66.6%, 85%, 53.3% respectively. Diabetes and hypertension are frequently associated with each other. Hypertension has a prevalence rate of 30% in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Hypertension commonly occurs in elderly diabetic patients. At age more than 50 years it has prevalence rate of 63% whereas in patients with age less than 50 years, it has a prevalence rate of 27%

Diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors in local population

To determine the presence of diabetes mellitus and other conventional coronary heart disease risk factors in patients with acute coronary events in local population. Multan Institute of Cardiology, Multan. This study included 1028 patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction [MI] during the period from April 2006 to January 2007 attending the outdoor of MIC, Multan. Out of all patients 35.8% were female, 30% were diabetics, 42% were smoker and 91% were hypertensive. Twenty four percent had MI and 76% had unstable angina. MI was significantly higher in diabetic patients. Ninety seven per cent of all patients had at least one of the cardiovascular risk factors [hypertension, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol levels]. In this study 38 out 40 patients with acute coronary event have at least one of conventional cardiac risk factors. Diabetes and hypertension are leading risk factors, which may directly or indirectly interfere and predict more serious complications of coronary heart disease

Cardiovascular risk in patients without known cardiovascular disease

To estimate the risk factors among patients with known cardiovascular disease. This prospective study was conducted in Multan Institute of Cardiology, Multan as outdoor basis. A total of 100 patients aged 18-60 years were included in the study during the period from November 2005 to April 2006. After an average follow-up of 6 months, the low risk patients had a significantly lower CHD mortality [0.2 to 8.8 versus 1.5 to 38 percent for those with 1 risk factor] and lower all cardiovascular disease mortality [0.3 to 15.8 versus 2.1 to 53 percent]. Estimated greater life expectancy for low risk men and women was 9.5 and 5.8 years, respectively. The frequency and predictive value of five major risk factors [blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein [LDL] and high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, glucose intolerance, and smoking] was evaluated in a study or white non- Hispanic individuals without CHD in the Framingham Heart Study and the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES III] who were 35 to 74 years of age. The frequency of high-risk patients increased with age and was greater in men than women. It has been suggested that determination of a patient's risk profile should improve physician recognition and treatment of modifiable risk factors. Because under recognition of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and other risk factors is a common problem, routine risk assessment may be an effective approach to improving their identification

Hypertension - major risk for cardiovascular

Hypertension is quantitatively the major risk factor for premature cardiovascular disease, being more common than cigarette smoking, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, the other major risk factors. To evaluate the cardiovascular risks of hypertension. This prospective study was carried out in outdoor of Multan Institute of Caardiology, Multan during the period from 11-1-2007 to 11-4-2007. A total of 100 individuals were included in the study who were attending outdoor of the hospital. Current risk status of the 100 subjects who developed cardiovascular disease [myocardial infarction, angina, coronary bypass surgery, angioplasty, or stroke] during the study period was compared with healthy subjects, there were few differences. However, the results were different when the original risk status was used. Those patients who remained healthy had had significantly lower blood pressure [121/79 versus 134/83 mmHg] and plasma cholesterol levels [211 versus 226 mg/dL [5.45 versus 5.84 mmol/L]] 25 years before. Antihypertensive drugs should be instituted if, after several different blood pressure measurements, the average blood pressure is above 140/90