Behavioural, chromosomal: aberrations and hematological changes associated with acute nitrite toxicity in African Catfish "clarias gariepinus"

This investigation presents the results of acute toxicity in Clarias gariepinus [C. gariepinus] exposed to median lethal dose of nitrite [58 mg/L] for 1, 2 and 4 days. The 96 hr LC[50] of nitirite for C. gariepinus was determined. Behavioural changes, as well as the developing lesions in nitrite-treated fish were recorded. Hematological changes and chromosomal aberrations induced were also observed. The results revealed that, the nitrite-treated fish developed a significant decrease in erythrocyte population, total leukocyte count, hematocrite vale and hemoglobin content. The percent of methemoglobin was highly significant increased in all nitrite-treated groups compared with controls. Serum cortisol was significantly higher in nitrite-treated fish for 4 days compared with control. Different types of chromosomal aberrations were observed as break, fragment, deletion, end to end, endomitosis and centromeric attenuation. The total aberrations were significantly increased in all nitrite-treated fish compared with controls. Addition of sodium chloride [25 mg sod. Chloride/1 mg nitrite] or transferring of fish to freshwater after 24 hr of exposure treat methemoglobinemia. Hemoglobin content and methemoglobin percent of recovered fish in both treatments returned nearly to the normal level within 24 hr post treatment

Micronuclei induction by some anthelmintic drugs in male mice

This work aimed to evaluate the ability of anthelmintic drugs [albendazole, oxfendazole, levamisole and ivermectin] to induce genotoxicity in mice. Micronucleus test was performed in bone marrow cells of male mice treated with the maximum tolerated dose of each drug tested at 24, 48, 72 hours after treatment. The results indicated that all tested drugs, except levamisole, were induced statistically significant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes [MNPCEs] at 72 hours, after treatment over than the negative control. Also, results showed that there are statistically significant differences between both of albendazole, ivermectin, levamisole and the positive control. In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences between oxfendazole and the positive control. This indicated that oxfendazole is the more sensitive drug to induce MNPCEs in mice bone marrow cells. It was concluded that the over dose use of that anthelmintic drugs may caused genotoxic effect for human