Effect of oviposition by Bactrocera dorsalis on the antioxidant activity of orange juice / Efeito da oviposição de Bactrocera dorsalis na atividade antioxidante do suco de laranja

Abstract Among fruits and fruit products, oranges and orange juice are the most widely consumed worldwide. However, the effects of pest infestation of oranges on the quality of orange juice are not yet known. To evaluate the effect of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis on the antioxidant activity of orange juice, we measured changes in the vitamin C (Vc) concentration, total phenol content, and antioxidant activity of orange juice after the introduction of fruit fly eggs. Ten days after the eggs were introduced (larvae removed), the concentration of Vc in orange juice was 18.65 µg/mL, which was 9.16 µg/mL lower than that measured in healthy orange juice. In addition, the total phenol content decreased by 46.519 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/g to 9.748 mg GAE/g. Furthermore, the free-radical scavenging activity decreased from 22.297% to 5.393%. Correlation analysis indicated significant correlations between Vc concentration, total phenol content, and antioxidant activity of orange juice after B. dorsalis infestation. The decrease in Vc concentration, total phenol content and free-radical scavenging activity indicated that B. dorsalis changed the quality of orange juice by affecting the antioxidant activity of the juice after the oranges were infested.

Resumo Entre frutas e produtos de frutas, as laranjas e suco de laranja são os mais consumidos em todo o mundo. No entanto, os efeitos da infestação de laranjas sobre a qualidade do suco de laranja ainda não são conhecidos. Para avaliar o efeito da mosca-das-frutas oriental, Bactrocera dorsalis, sobre a atividade antioxidante do suco de laranja, foram medidas as mudanças na concentração de vitamina C (Vc), no teor de fenol total e na atividade antioxidante do suco de laranja após a introdução de ovos da mosca-das-frutas oriental. Dez dias após a introdução dos ovos (larvas removidas), a concentração de Vc no suco de laranja foi de 18,65 µg/mL, que foi 9,16 µg/mL menor do que a medida em suco de laranja saudável. Além disso, o teor total de fenol diminuiu de 46,519 mg em equivalente de ácido gípico (GAE)/g para 9,748 mg de GAE/g. Ademais, a atividade de eliminação de radicais livres diminuiu de 22,297% para 5,393%. A análise de correlação indicou correlações significativas dentre a concentração de Vc, o conteúdo total de fenol e a atividade antioxidante do suco de laranja após a infestação por B. dorsalis. A diminuição na concentração de Vc, o conteúdo total de fenol e a atividade sequestradora de radicais livres indicaram que B. dorsalis alterou a qualidade do suco de laranja, afetando a atividade antioxidante do suco após a infestação das laranjas.

Effect of oviposition by Bactrocera dorsalis on the antioxidant activity of orange juice

Abstract Among fruits and fruit products, oranges and orange juice are the most widely consumed worldwide. However, the effects of pest infestation of oranges on the quality of orange juice are not yet known. To evaluate the effect of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis on the antioxidant activity of orange juice, we measured changes in the vitamin C (Vc) concentration, total phenol content, and antioxidant activity of orange juice after the introduction of fruit fly eggs. Ten days after the eggs were introduced (larvae removed), the concentration of Vc in orange juice was 18.65 µg/mL, which was 9.16 µg/mL lower than that measured in healthy orange juice. In addition, the total phenol content decreased by 46.519 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/g to 9.748 mg GAE/g. Furthermore, the free-radical scavenging activity decreased from 22.297% to 5.393%. Correlation analysis indicated significant correlations between Vc concentration, total phenol content, and antioxidant activity of orange juice after B. dorsalis infestation. The decrease in Vc concentration, total phenol content and free-radical scavenging activity indicated that B. dorsalis changed the quality of orange juice by affecting the antioxidant activity of the juice after the oranges were infested.

Resumo Entre frutas e produtos de frutas, as laranjas e suco de laranja são os mais consumidos em todo o mundo. No entanto, os efeitos da infestação de laranjas sobre a qualidade do suco de laranja ainda não são conhecidos. Para avaliar o efeito da mosca-das-frutas oriental, Bactrocera dorsalis, sobre a atividade antioxidante do suco de laranja, foram medidas as mudanças na concentração de vitamina C (Vc), no teor de fenol total e na atividade antioxidante do suco de laranja após a introdução de ovos da mosca-das-frutas oriental. Dez dias após a introdução dos ovos (larvas removidas), a concentração de Vc no suco de laranja foi de 18,65 µg/mL, que foi 9,16 µg/mL menor do que a medida em suco de laranja saudável. Além disso, o teor total de fenol diminuiu de 46,519 mg em equivalente de ácido gípico (GAE)/g para 9,748 mg de GAE/g. Ademais, a atividade de eliminação de radicais livres diminuiu de 22,297% para 5,393%. A análise de correlação indicou correlações significativas dentre a concentração de Vc, o conteúdo total de fenol e a atividade antioxidante do suco de laranja após a infestação por B. dorsalis. A diminuição na concentração de Vc, o conteúdo total de fenol e a atividade sequestradora de radicais livres indicaram que B. dorsalis alterou a qualidade do suco de laranja, afetando a atividade antioxidante do suco após a infestação das laranjas.

Endovascular intervention for infrapopliteal chronic arterial occlusive disease

Abstract: This study aims at determining the effectiveness of infrapopliteal [IP] percutaneous transluminal angioplasty [PTA] techniques for treatment of infrapopliteal Peripheral arterial disease [PAD]

Methods: This study is a case series, combined prospective and retrospective, including 108 limbs in 104 patients with infrapopliteal PAD of Fontaine IIb, III and IV stages/ Rutherford categories 3, 4, 5 and 6. Patients underwent PTA using balloon dilatation in 73.1%, bare metal stents in 17.6%, Drug eluting balloon in 7.4%, and Drug eluting stent in 0.9% between February 2009 and January 2015

Results: Technical success was 94.2%. Primary patency at 3, 6, 12, 24 months are 92.9%, 79.3%, 69.5%, and 58.3% respectively, and was adversely affected by smoking [p=0.005]. Limb salvage at 1 year was 92.6%, and was adversely affected by smoking [p=0,027], diabetes [p=0.009], and Updated TASC II [p=0.023]

Conclusion: Infrapopliteal PTA is a safe, successful, and effective technique for treatment of critical limb ischemia, with an excellent technical success rate, good limb salvage rate, and a low pen-procedural morbidity and mortality

Role of IVC filters in managment of lower extremety deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

To define the role of IVC filters in preventing pulmonary embolism [PE]. Between January 2009 and December 2011, twenty patients [6 males and 14 females]] underwent vena cava filter placement. The indications for filter placement were recurrent thromboembolism despite adequate anticoagulation in 18 patients [90%], contra-indication of anticoagulation in 2 patients [10%]. In 2 patients duplex guided method was done as one patient was pregnant and the other had impaired renal functions. Trape-ease nitinol filters were inserted in14 patients [70%], Venatec filters in 4 patients [20%,] and Titanium Greenfield filters in 2 patients [10%,]. Mean age of patients was 42 years. All attempts at filter placement were successful. The deployment sites were the infra-renal inferior vena cava [IVC] in 19 patients and suprarenal in one pregnant patient. Using fluoroscopic and duplex guidance, in order 18 filters and 2 filters were deployed successfully. None of the followed patients developed PE or filler related complications during follow up. Cava filter insertion is safe and effective in preventing PE. Duplex guidance can replace fluoroscopy to guide the procedure in patients whose conditions can not tolerate the contrast material or exposure to x-ray

Postoperative analgesic effects of intravenous acetaminophen vs intramuscular meperidine in children undergoing ambulatory herniotomy

Rectal acetaminophen has limited analgesic efficacy due to delayed absorption and subtherapeutic plasma concentration. Oral acetaminophen is not appropriate in the immediate postoperative period, i.v acetaminophen overcomes these problems and could provide adequate analgesia as a sole agent. This randomized double-blind study compared the analgesic effects of i.v acetaminophen and i.m meperidine in pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory inguinal herniotomy. Sixty children scheduled for unilateral inguinal herniotomy were randomized to receive either acetaminophen 15 mg/kg i.v [acetaminophen group], or 1 mg/kg meperidine i.m [meperidine group]. Anesthesia was induced by sevoflurane inhalation and maintained by sevoflurane in 50% N2O and O[2] through laryngeal mask airway. Postoperatively, Objective pain score, Ramsay sedation score and Aldrete score were recorded every 5 minutes for 30 minutes. Nursing satisfaction for postoperative analgesia was recorded on a 10 - point scale. Parent satisfaction for postoperative analgesia and postoperative nausea and vomiting was recorded on 4-point scale. Patients in acetaminophen group showed significantly low sedation scores during recovery room observation period. Objective pain scores were similar in both groups, as well as patients who required rescue analgesia, [25% in both groups]. Patients in acetaminophen group achieved an Aldrete score of 10 earlier than meperidine group. Parent satisfaction scores for postoperative analgesia were similar in both groups while those for postoperative nausea and vomiting showed significantly higher satisfaction scores in acetaminophen group. I.V acetaminophen achieved adequate analgesia comparable to that of i.m meperidine with less sedation, earlier readiness for discharge from recovery room and possibly less postoperative nausea and vomiting

Hemodynamic assessement of surgically created arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis

Fifty patients with chronic renal failure were involved in this study. A radiocephalic fistula of the Brescia-Cimino type was newly created for hemodialysis in 45 patients. Nine of these 45 patients, showed an immediate fistula failure. Several hemodynamic parameters were found to be of important prognostic values to ensure a successful fistula outcome with a flow rate of >200 ml/min. A preoperative subclavien vein flow of >300 ml/min. and an arterial inflow of >/40 ml/min. were associated with a high fistula success rate. Besides, a postoperative decrease in resistively index [RI] of the inflow artery of >/0.1 resulted in a 100% success rate. Flow measurements were done by utilizing color flow duplex imaging. Therefore, the use of duplex imaging is beneficial during the evaluation of patients, who are candidates for an arteriovenous fistula operation. The remaining five patients had an already cerated arteriovenous fistula. They were studied with high output fistulas. This category of patients underwent banding correction of the existing fistulas. The banding technique resulted in reduction of fistula flow rates by a mean value of more than 60%

psychopathology of duodenal ulcer compared with functional dyspepsia: a case control study

This is a prospective study of the psychiatric morbidity in 80 patients with duodenal ulcer, 80 with functional dyspepsia and 80 healthy controls; matchd for age sex and marital status. A semi structured psychiatric interview and clinical mental state examination were used in the psychiatric assessment of the patients and controls. Psychiatric diagnoses were made according to DSM3 R. a modified version of life events scale by tannant and Andrews was used in the assessment of life Events in relation to psychiatric illness. Psychiatric illness was significantly more in the patients than the controls. Anxiety and depressive disorders dominated the clinical picture and the symptoms were usually of mild nature. Other neurotic were rare and psychotic illness was absent. Though more psychiatric patients experienced life events than the controls, differences, however were not statistically significant. Further studies are needed, especially in relation to the casusative association between the functional dyspepsia and psychiatric disturbances

Prevalence of psychiatric disturbances among patients with thyroid dysfunction

This is a preliminary study of the pattern of psychiatric illness in thyroid dysfunction, using a semi-stuctured psychiatric interview and DSM-111R diagnoses. A total of 72 patients [42 hyperthyroid and 30 hypothyroid] were studied for sociodemographic characteristic and associated psychiatric diagnoses. The majority of the patients were under the age of 50 [82%] and the females dominated over males in the ratio of 2.6:1. thirty patents [42%] of the two groups encountered psychiatric illness; 15 patients of each group. Anxiety and phobic neuroses were the commonest psychiatric illnesses [26.7%], more in the hyperthyroid group [45%]. Depression was second [20%], but more in the hypothyroid group [26.7%]. The organic brain syndrome was absent and functional psychosis was rare. These and other results in our study were discussed with comparable studies abroad. A multidisciplinary approach to the problem of psychiatric illness in thyroid dysfunction is suggested

Life event stress in duodenal ulcer compared with functional dyspepsia: a case-control study

This is a prospective study of life event stress in 80 duodenal ulcer patients compared with 80 patients with functional dyspepsia and 80 healthy controls; matched for age, sex and marital status. A semi-structured psychiatric interview was used in the psychiatric assessment of the dyspeptic patients and controls. A modified version of Life Events Scale by Tennant and Andrews was used in the assessment of life event stress. More dyspeptic patients reported life events than the controls, but, on the whole, the differences were not statistically significant. On the other hand, more patients with functional dyspepsia experienced life events than the patients with duodenal ulcer, but again the results were not consistant, Life event stress as measured by the experience of undesirable life events was significantly reported by more patients with functional dyspepsia. The significance of the presence of life events in duodenal ulcer and functional dyspepsia patients is not substantiated in the present study, as the positive findings were few and sometimes inconsistant, More quantitative studies are needed, taking into consideration the other aspects of the problem like personality, cognition and the complex interaction of stressors and personality

Diabetic foot: risk factors and surgical management

52 patients with diabetic foot were divided into five groups according to the degree of foot affection. They were studied to identify the risk factors for their affection and the different surgical procedures for management. It was found that smoking, duration of diabetes, poor diabetic control, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, heavy proteinurea, high blood urea and serum creatinine, had significant relation with the degree of foot affection. Plain radiography demonstrated gas formation in 44.2% of patients and bone affection in 32.7%. Arteriography showed that 14.3% of patients had atheromatous plaques and lumenal irregularity of the femoral artery, while popliteal occlusion was found in 25.7% and occlusion of the remaining foot and leg vessels was found in 45.7%. Aneurysmal dilatation of the small vessels of the leg was found in 8.6% of cases. The mean Doppler pressure and the mean ankle to brachial supine systolic index showed significant decrease [P <0.001] with the increased severity to foot affection. Doppler curve affection also showed a significant correlation [P <0.02] with the degree of foot affection. Photoplethysmographic changes of the small vessels of the big toe correlated significantly with the degree of foot affection. The various surgical procedures are presented and discussed

Mental illness in immigrants in eastern Saudi Arabia: social indices

This is a preliminary study of social factors related to mental illness among 70 immigrants compared with 70 Saudi Patients admitted to the Psychiatric Unit at King Fiasal Hospital [KFHU]. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in relation to marital status, split families, education, nature of jobs income and duration of stay in the Saudi Kingdom. More immigrants were married but only a minority shared living with their families. Almost half of the immigrants had high education, nevertheless the average income was low and manual jobs were frequent even among the better educated. Contrary to reports from abroad age group, language and religion differences did not seem to be relevant, as differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. Further studies are needed to elucidate the magnitude of these social factors in the development of mental illness among immigrants

psychopathology of irritable bowel syndrome

This is a controlled study of Psychiatric Manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome [IBS] among Saudi patients. The patients and control groups [40 each] were matched for age, sex and marital status. The self reporting questionnaire and a semi-structured psychiatric interviews were the tools used for the psychiatric assessment of the patients. Psychiatric morbidity among patients with IBS was high 80%. The commonest psychiatric presentations were psychoneurotic disorders[anxiety, depression and conversion]. Abdominal pain, flatulence, constipation and diarrhea were the dominant physical symptoms. Stressful life events were frequently associated with IBS [50%], especially marital and family disorder [75%]. Self reporting questionnaire proved to be a valid screening instrument with a high sensitivity and specificity

Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in infected cells by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]

Polymerase chain reaction [PCR] was used to detect bovine viral diarrhea [BVD] virus in infected bovine turbinate [BT] cell culture. Viral RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed to cDNA, and a specific fragment was amplified by PCR using specific primers. BVD virus specific probe was prepared by labeling plasmid DNA contained BVD, PBV4-P80 insert with 32p, using the nick translation technique. The amplified cDNA after agarose gel electrophoresis was transferred to nirocellulose paper by the Southern Blot technique and then hybridized with the probe. The reaction was visualized by autoradiography. It appeared that the technique is highly sensitive for detection of BVD virus in infected cells and could be used for rapid and accurate diagnosis

Molecular differentiation of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains by radioimmunoprecipitation of viral polypeptides

Polypeptides of the reference cytopathic strain NADL, and the non- cytopathic strain NY-1 of bovine viral diarrhea [BVD] virus as well as another five non-cytopathic isolates of the same virus were examined by radioimmunoprecipitation of infected bovine fetal spleen by BFS cells. Viral proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate- polyacrylamide gel [SDS-PAGE] electrophoresis. Polypeptides of molecular weight of 170 kDa, 130 kDa, 80 kDa, 60 kDa, 539 and 50 kDa were prominent for the NADL strain. The non-cytopathic NY-1 strain showed the same polypeptides profile as the NADL strain except that the polypeptide of 80 kDa was absent. The other five non-cytopathic strains showed the same polypeptides except in two strains where they have an additional two polypeptides of 56 and 54 kDa. But the 50 kDa polypeptide was absent. These results are of diagnostic and epidemiological significance

Retrospective study of 100 cases of created arterio-venous fistulae for chronic renal failure

One hundred cases with chronic renal failure have benefited from creation of arterio-venous fistula [AVF]. Original Brescia technique was applied in 71 cases with excellent results. Other techniques used were as follows: end cephalic vein to side radial artery in 19 cases, brachial antecubital AVF in 5 cases, basilic vein transposition fistula in one case, end-to-end [cephalic vein to radial artery] in one case, venous loop of autogenous great saphenous vein in two cases and preserved allograft of great saphenous vein in one case. Complications were encountered in 14 percent of cases. They included thrombosis, infection and secondary hemorrhage. Avoidance of repeated venipunctures in the forearm before creation of AVF maintains patent foream veins and allows for creation of a successful AVF

Arterial aneurysms [a review of 28 cases]

28 cases having arterial aneurysms were revised, three carotid, 5 aortic, 8 at the upper limb vessels and 12 affecting the lower limb vessels. 46% were atherosclerotic, 32% traumatic, 11% anastmotic, and 11% mycotic. Atherosclerotic aneurysms were common after the age of 50, other occurred in younger age groups. They were presented by different clinical manifestations according to site and nature of aneurysm. All cases were subjected to plain X-ray, ultrasonography and angiographic study. C.T. were done for three cases. Twenty-four cases were operated upon with success reaching 83.3%. Failures were due to bad general condition of the patients, bad distal run-off and over anticoagulation. Two patients died before surgery by rupture and two refused operation

Hysterical pattern in Eastern Saudi Arabia

Seventy-two patients suffering from hysteria were seen in the psychiatric outpatient clinics at King Fahd Hospital of the University. A semistructured psychiatric interview and the standard mental state examination were used in assessing the patients. The incidence of hysteria was 5.1%; 48.7% were between the age of 11 and 30 years. The female/male ratio was 1.8:1, and 61% were single. Hysterical conversion was the commonest type [73%], and hysterical dissociation was rare. Twenty-six percent formed a distinct group with similarities to Briquet's syndrome. In 83% of the cases, a stressful situation preceded the most onset of symptoms. No gross deviations of intelligence were noticed in the patients, and the typical hysterical personality was rare