role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of dysthyroid eye disease

Thirty cases of Dysthyroid eye disease [DED], were studied, together with eleven cases of thyroid hyperfunction without clinical eye manifestation, and ten cases of normal controls. The cases were evaluated clinically: form the ophthalmic and medical points of view, and were examined by ophthalmic ultrasound. It was found that ultrasonographic extraocular muscles manifestations in the form of thickened muscle belly and internal echoes were found in cases with exophthalmos, and in some cases of hyperthyroidism without exophthalmos. The retrobulbar fat showed some changes in the form of internal vacuolation and irregular posterior limitant, and the optic nerve showed disk oedema and exaggeration of the sheathes, in few cases. Ultrasound was found to be very useful in diagnosing eye pathology in DED, and could be helpful in treatment follow up

Extraocular retinoblastoma: an echographic study

In this work we tried to study the role of echography in the diagnosis of extraocular spread of retinoblastoma to the optic nerve and orbit. We examined 30 eyes with advanced retinoblastoma and six cases of orbital recurrences of the tumour both echographically and histopathologically. Echography detected only 25 percent of cases of optic nerve invasion where the nerve appeared grossly enlarged in comparison to that of the other eye. All cases of orbital invasion could be detected by ultrasound. In contrast with intraocular retinoblastoma orbital extensions appeared poorly echogenic with minimal or no calcifications and produced marked sound attenuation. Histopathologically the malignant cells in the orbit appeared closely packed together with no tendency to rosette or pseudorosette formation and with minimal or no necrosis or calcification