Nutritional intervention on childhood malnutritionin of rural nurseries in Qazvin province, Iran

Malnutrition is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in children. Not only include acute effects on children's health, but also it has long-term effects on their cognitive development and economic growth in the society. Wasting [weight for height with Z< -1] is one of the malnutrition indices in children. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a cooked meal for 175 days on the anthropometric indices of weight, height and weight for height [wasting] of 3-6 years old children in all the rural nursery of Qazvin province, in Iran. In this interventional study, 2385 children [48.8% female and 51.2% male] were recruited. Data were collected by a census in 2010. The children were received a cooked meal based on 360 +/- 20 kcal energy, 17% protein, 53% carbohydrate and 30% fat per day for 175 days at lunch time. The anthropometric indices were collected before and after the intervention. The results were analyzed using Paired t-test by SPSS-16 software. Prevalence of wasting malnutrition [mild and moderate] and sever after intervention reduced from 14.2% and 0.95% to 12.6% and 0.5%, respectively [p< 0.05]. Receiving a cooked meal significantly decreased wasting [15.2% to 13.2%] in all children [p< 0.01]. Receiving a cooked meal for 175 days had a significant reduction in wasting in all children

effect of vitrification on mouse oocytes apoptosis by cryotop method

Oocyte cryopreservation is one of the most important topics in the field of assisted reproductive technology to preserve women fertility, but relationship between cryopreservation and apoptosis is still a matter of debate. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of vitrification on apoptosis in mouse oocytes by Cryotop method. A total of 200 germinal vesicle [GV] and 200 metaphase 2 [M2] oocytes were obtained from ovaries and fallopian tubes of NMRI mice, respectively and divided into control and experimental groups. Oocytes in experimental group were vitrified by Cryotop using vitrification medium and were kept in liquid nitrogen for one month. The survival rate of oocytes was evaluated after 2 hour incubation time. Then, the oocyte apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL technique and compared with those in control group. The data was compared statistically using SPSS software and chi-square test. The survival rates of vitrified GV [93%] and M2 oocytes [88%] showed a significant decrease compared with the control group [P<0.05], but there was no significant difference in survival rate of both vitrified oocyte groups. The incidence of apoptosis in vitrified and control GV oocytes showed no significant difference [13% vs. 7%], but the rate of apoptosis in vitrified M2 oocytes increased significantly not only in comparison with MII control group [25% vs. 5%] but also with vitrified GV oocytes [P<0.05]. The results indicate that vitrification increases apoptosis in mouse M2 oocytes and apoptosis may play a role in M2 oocyte injury after vitrification

effect of ascorbic acid and garlic administration on lead-induced apoptosis in rat offspring's eye retina

Lead toxicity induces retinal cell apoptosis. Vitamin C and garlic may decrease lead-induced apoptosis. This study was undertaken to investigate vitamin C and garlic protective effects on lead-induced apoptosis in eye retina. Pregnant Wistar rats [n = 72] were divided randomly into 9 groups: [L] treated rats with lead acetate in drinking water and [L+AA] with leaded water and vitamin C intraperitoneally;[L+G], the rats received leaded-water and garlic juice via gavage; [L+AA+G] treated rats with leaded water, ascorbic acid, and garlic juice, [AA] with ascorbic acid, and [G] with garlic juice; [AA+G] treated rats with vitamin C and garlic juice and [Sh] with tap water plus normal hydrogen chloride [HCl] and glucose; normal [N]. After 21-day lactation, blood lead level [BLL] in rats was measured, and then their offspring and the rat offspring's eyes were removed and processed for using TUNEL method. TUNEL positive cells in the eye retina were counted and all groups were compared. BLL increased in L group compared to the control groups and decreased significantly in L + G, L + AA, and L+ AA + G groups compared to L group [P<0.05]. TUNELL positive cell number in eye retina significantly increased in L group compared to control groups [P<0.05] and decreased in L+ G, L+ AA, and L+AA + G groups compared to L group [P<0.05]. Garlic juice and ascorbic acid administration during pregnancy and lactation may protect lead-induced apoptosis in rat offspring's eye retina

[Comparing the scar diameter of uncomplicated appendectomy by Rocky-Davis incision and pfanneistiel incision in cesarean section in women referred to Rajaee Hospital with appendicitis from 2007 till 2009]

According to some studies, fetal wound in contrast with adult wound heals without scar formation which is probably due to amniotic fluid around the fetus, unique extracellular matrix and the fetal immature immunity. It is supposed that biochemical and physical characteristics of amniotic fluid prepares the conditions for wound healing without scar formation. The goal of this study was to compare the scar diameter of uncomplicated appendectomy by Rocky-Davis incision with scar diameter of cesarean section by Pfanneistiel incision in order to evaluate the effect of amniotic fluid on scar diameter. In this analytic within-patient study all women with uncomplicated appendectomy by Rocky-Davis incision who were pregnant or had history of cesarean in the last 18 months were included [2007-2009]. After 18 months of operation [appendectomy and cesarean], scar diameters were measured in three points [first, middle and end of scar] and the mean was calculated. Then the mean scar diameter of appendectomy was compared with the mean scar diameter of cesarean in each patient. For data analysis we used T-test, Paired T-test, correlation coefficient and regression tests. In this study the effect of weight and height on scar diameter was evaluated. Mean scar diameter of appendectomy was 2.09 +/- 0.677 millimeter and the mean scar diameter of cesarean was 0.467 +/- 0.633 millimeter which was significantly less than appendectomy scar diameter [p=0.008]. It seems that the presence of amniotic fluid in the first hours of healing decreases the future scar diameter