ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important pathogens around the world. The present investigation was carried out to study the distribution of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Mec [SCCmec] types and antibiotic resistance properties in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Isfahan hospitals
Materials and Methods: A total of 250 clinical specimens were collected from three major Isfahan hospitals. The samples were cultured, and biofilm producer isolates were subjected to several polymerase chain reaction methods. The patterns of antibiotic resistance were studied using the disk diffusion method
Results: In the present study, 110 out of 250 samples [44%] were found to be positive for Staphylococcus aureus, and all the isolates produced the biofilm in different levels. The most commonly infected samples were collected from wounds [44.5%]. The incidence of mecA, tetK, ermA, ermC, tetM, aacA-D, linA, msrA, vatA, vatC and vatB antibiotic resistance genes were 93.6%, 34.84%, 28.20%, 29.30%, 21.87%, 18.71%, 9.48%, 8.65%, 7.18%, 4.43% and 3.71%, respectively. The distribution of SCCmec III [42] was found to be the most type out of 103 mec positive strains
Conclusions: In the prsent study, the highest resistance belonged to methicillin [90.2%], erythromycin [89.7%], ciprofloxacin [89.5%] and penicillin [88%] and the lowest resistance was reported for vancomycin [10%] and nitrofurantoin [8%]. These infections with these strains require more advanced hospital care with an emerging demand for the novel antibiotics
ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Acinetobacter baumannii is regarded as an important nosocomial pathogen around the world, especially in the intensive care unit that today seems to be resistant to the most antibiotics. Therefore, this study aimed to trace classes 1, 2, and 3 integrin in the isolates resistant to Acinetobacter baumannii
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, Acinetobacter baumannii of 67 patients in Ahvaz hospitals were all isolated and their antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by the disk diffusion. The presence of genes coding for antibiotic resistance as well as integrons [class 1, 2 and 3] were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction method
Results: Out of 67 isolates, the most resistance was observed for the antibiotic tetracycline [89.5%] and the most sensitivity to antibiotic was reported for chloramphenicol, meropenem and nitrofurantoin [2.9%]. The distribution of dfrA1, sul1, aac[3]-IV, tet[B], tet[A], aadA1, blaCITM, vim, qnr, blaSHV, sim, Oxa-24-like, Oxa-51-like, Oxa-58-like, Oxa-23-like, imp, cmlA and cat1 were 42 [62.6%], 40 [59.7%], 36 [53.7%], 34 [50.7%], 31 [46.2%], 17 [25.3%], 17 [25.3%], 16 [23.8%], 11 [16.4%], 11 [16.4%], 8[11.9%], 5[7.4%], 5[7.4%], 4 [5.9%],4 [5.9%], 4 [5.9%], 2 [2.9%], 1 [1.4%] respectively. Moreover, frequency of class 1, II and III integrons was 67 [100%], 22 [32.8%], and 3 [4.4%] respectively
Conclusions: High prevalence of integrons among Acinetobater baumannii isolated strains in Ahvaz hospitals indicate the importance role of integrons in multidrug resistance in this bacteria. Therefore, unnecessary use of antibiotics are recommended to be avoided
ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Acinetobacter baumannii is mostly a cause of septicaemia, pneumonia and urinary tract infections following hospitalization of patients with more severe illnesses. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and detection of the most prevalent virulence genes in A. baumannii isolated from hospital infections of two largest hospitals of Tehran, Iran
Materials and Methods: in this cross-sectional study, 500 clinical specimens were obtained from various types of hospital infections over a period of 6 month, consisting of blood [98 samples], phlegm [141], urine [92], pus [134] and cerebrospinal fluid [35] from patients admitted to the Payambaran and Baqiyatallah Hospitals in Tehran. The isolated organisms were identified based on colony morphology, microscopic characteristics and various biochemical tests according to some standard laboratory methods. Conventional polymerase chain reaction [PCR] was employed to confirm the identity of the isolates
Results: A. baumannii was isolated from 121 [24.2%] of the 500 cultured samples. The highest isolation of A. baumannii was observed in blood samples while cerebrospinal fluid had the least. The isolation rate recorded for blood samples in this study was 43.87%. fimH gene was the most virulence gene detected in 74% of samples, sfa/focDE and afa/draBC genes were next highly detected genes, respectively. The lowest isolations were observed in PapG III, papC and PapG II genes
Conclusions: high prevalence of A. baumannii and their virulence genes showed hospital prevalence of these bacteria, thereby causing many problems for infections control and treatment. Therefore, determining this bacterium by molecular methods and designing conservation programs for the control of different infections in parts of the hospital seems to be urgently needed
ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: the indiscriminate use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The presence of integrons in Pseudomonas is clearly associated with multidrug resistances. Therefore, this study aimed at tracking class I, II and III integrons of antibiotic-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were isolated from nosocomial infection
Materials and Methods: in this study, 51 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from different wards of Imam Khomeini hospital of Ahvaz since October of 2014 until March of 2015. After identification test and antibigram, coding genes of antibiotic resistance and class I, II and III integrons were detected by polymerase chain reaction [PCR] method
Results: tetracycline revealed the most resistance with 84% frequency in discretedisolates. In the encoding antibiotic resistance genes with a frequency of 94% was the most common blaTEM. Class I integron had 92% prevalence, class II Integron showed 52% prevalence and class III Integron demonstrated 17% prevalence
Conclusions: in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, class I integron was more prevalent than other integrons and the integrase gene was probably one of the causes of multiple antibiotic resistance in this bacteria. Moreover, frequency of integron III was breported 17%
ABSTRACT
Despite the high value of poultry meat, there is no accurate control and inspection on poultry carcasses in the slaughterhouse. Therefore, the possibility of transmission of some bacteria like Escherichia coli which is one of the main causes of food poisoning is not unexpected. The present study was carried out to detect and analyse antibiotic resistance pattern of Escherichia coli O157 isolated from pheasant, partridge, duck and goose meat in Gilan, Mazandaran, Isfahan and Fars provinces, Iran. For doing the experiments, 25, 17, 22 and 36 samples from pheasant, partridge, duck and goose chest muscle meat were collected, respectively. The samples were immediately transferred to the laboratory in cooler ice-pack. All samples were cultured and DNA was extracted from the typical bacterial colonies which represent Escherichia coli. Polymerase chain reaction was used to confirme the diagnosis and to detect O157 serogroup. Finally, the antibiotic resistance pattern was studied using simple disk diffusion method. The results showed that 27% of samples were positive for presence of Escherichia coli; 6 of them had the O157 serogroup. The goose and partridge meat had the highest and lowest frequencies of bacterium and O157 serogroup, respectively. The Escherichia coli which were isolated from poultry meat had the highest antibiotic resistance to sulfamethoxazol and vancomycinand the lowest antibiotic resistance to ciprofloxacinand gentamycin. A significant statistical difference [P < 0.05] was seen between the prevalence rate of the bacterium and O157 serogroup in goose and partridge meat and between the levels of resistance to various antibiotics. We recommended using Polymerase Chain Reaction as an accurate, rapid and safe method to control presence of some pathogens like Escherichia coli. This study showed that using simple disk diffusion method is very essential before antibiotic prescription.
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Pet birds can harbor diseases that can be transmitted to their owners. Although pet ownership is not without risks, many of Iranian households own pet birds and are therefore at risk of a number of bacterial, protozoal, fungal, viral, or parasitic zoonoses. Escherichia Coli O157:H7 is responsible for outbreaks of human intestinal diseases and the potentially fatal haemolytic-uraemic syndrome [HUS] worldwide. Considering people's interests to keep pet birds and the potential ability of pet birds to transmit Escherichia Coli O157:H7 to humans, the present study was conducted to evaluate Escherichia Coli O157:H7 infection in Yazd pet birds
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 180 samples of pet bird feces [150 canaries [Serinus canari] and 30 lovebirds [Agapornis personata]] were collected from different areas of Yazd and evaluated for detection of E. Coli O157:H7 by bacteriological and PCR methods
Results: The overall prevalence of Escherichia Coli in canary feces was 72.66% [109 out of 150] while no positive sample was found in the lovebird feces. Escherichia Coli O157:H7 was not found in any samples
Conclusion: The present study suggests pet birds feces are not sources of E. Coli O157:H7 in Yazd, Iran