ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Etiologically, several factors may play a role in its development. Previous studies have reported elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in patients with depression, suggesting that PAI-1 levels might be linked to the etiology of MDD. Methods We systematically searched the following online databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science up to September 10, 2020, to identify studies in which PAI-1 levels were reported in subjects with MDD. Subsequently we used RevMan 5.3 to perform a meta-analysis of data extracted from the included studies using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and PICO criteria for the search and analysis. Results Six studies that reported mean ± standard deviation (SD) were included in the analysis, with a total of 507 MDD patients and 3,453 controls. The overall standardized mean difference (SMD) was 0.27 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.01-0.53). PAI-1 serum levels were 0.27 SDs higher in MDD patients than in controls. The test for overall effect was significant (z = 2.04, p = 0.04). Substantial heterogeneity was detected among the studies, demonstrated by the inconsistency test (I2 = 72%) and the chi-square test (χ2 = 18.32; p = 0.003). Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that MDD might be related to elevated PAI-1 levels. We propose larger prospective clinical studies to further investigate this clinical correlation and validate the clinical significance of these observations.
ABSTRACT
Iron deficiency is estimated to be the most common cause of anemia worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigatethe effect of dietary supplement ADAM (olive oil, vinegar and sodium chloride) and traditional iron salts, together withphysical activity on anemic female students. Our study consists of forty anemic female students divided into four equalgroups, ten students in each group; 1st group ingested ADAM with exercise, 2nd group ingested ADAM without exercise,3rd group supplemented with traditional iron salts with exercise, 4th group supplemented with traditional iron salts withoutexercise. Blood samples were drawn (5ml) for analysis of hemoglobin by spectrophotometer, iron, total iron bindingcapacity and ferritin by Radioimmunoassay, O2 using gas analyzer. The variables exerted VO2max using Harvard step test,heart rate by pulse meter, fitness index by equation; the variables were detected (pre-post) training program. Results: Theresults indicated a positive result for ADAM with physical activity compared with ADAM alone, also iron with physicalactivity variables overcome the variables of iron salts alone while, ADAM with physical activity variables exceed iron saltswith physical activity. Conclusion: using physical activity with ADAM, induces a positive result in curing female anemicstudents from traces of underground water.