ABSTRACT
Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the generic term for the group of inherited haemoglobinopathies caused by the occurrence of Haemoglobin S (HbS) in the homozygous or heterozygous form in combination of Hbs with another abnormal haemoglobin such as HbSC or beta-thalassaemias (HbS-thal). Sickle cell syndromes are remarkable for their clinical heterogeneity, including their presentations as sudden and unexpected deaths due to a sickle cell crisis. Less numbers of deaths are reported due to this cause because of ignorance of autopsy surgeon in considering this disease as a cause of death despite of its high prevalence. While doing autopsy in cases of deaths with no apparent cause and physical over activity medical officer must keep in mind the possibility of death due to vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease. Methods: The study covers a period of one year (January 2013 - December 2013) and it is a study of cases of autopsy carried out in a tertiary care hospital of South Gujarat. Results: A total of 607 cases examined, out of which sickled red blood cells were detected in 17 cases. The respective records were reviewed. Out of 17 cases, 13 cases were male and 4 cases were females. The youngest person was 15 years female and oldest was 70 years male. Conclusion: Sickle cell crisis is one of the causes of sudden unexplained deaths. The present study highlights the role of autopsy in such cases. Community awareness and marriage counseling programs are also helpful in preventing sickle cell disease.
ABSTRACT
Background: Management of salivary gland lesions is greatly influenced by preoperative or intraoperative diagnosis of malignancy. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is used as a primary diagnostic tool since long. Objective: The objective of study was to evaluate usefulness and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in primary diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Methods: Study includes 75 cases suspected of salivary gland lesions evaluated by FNAC from January 2010 to August 2012. Whenever possible follow up histopathology also studied. Results: Out of total of 75 cases of salivary gland lesions 30 cases (40%) were nonneoplastic, 30 cases (40%) were benign and 15 cases (20 %) were malignant. FNAC showed satisfactory sensitivity and specificity with about 91% diagnostic accuracy for benign lesions and for malignant lesions. Conclusions: Study concludes that FNAC has proven to be simple, easy, minimally invasive method with satisfactory accuracy for initial diagnosis of Salivary gland lesions especially benign and malignant neoplasms. It almost accurately type benign tumors like pleomorphic adenoma and showed fair accuracy and reliability. FNAC is vital for management primarily to exclude need of surgery as nonneoplastic lesions are managed conservatively and planning preoperative chemoradiation like in cases of Mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising in odd locations like palate.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases of tropics. It presents with varied clinicopathological manifestations. Most of the complication in malaria occurs due to various hematological abnormalities. Present study was aimed to find out abnormalities in WBC and platelet counts in patients with malaria. Methods: A total 135 patients either hospitalized or treated on an outpatient basis were included in the study after positive identification for malarial parasites on Giemsa stained PSMP smears. WBC and platelet count was carried out on 3 part hematology analyzer (Sysmax KX 21). WBC count less than 4000/cumm was considered as leucopenia and platelet count less than 150000/cumm was considered as thrombocytopenia. Results: The present study includes 135 patients with malaria from which 72.59% of subjects were male and 27.41% of subjects were female. P. falciparum was present in 68.89% of cases, P. vivax in 28.15% of cases. Majority of patients had normal leucocyte count (97.03%). Neutrophilia with lymphopenia was observed in both species of malaria in our study. Thrombocytopenia was observed in89.62% of cases in malaria. Thrombocytopenia in P. falciparum was found in 92.48% of cases and in P. vivax it was 81.57% of cases. Conclusion: Present study did not show any significant change in WBC count. Present study showed neutrophilia with relative lymphopenia in both group of malaria. Incidence of thrombocytopenia was observed in both species of malaria without any statistical significance.