ABSTRACT
Background: Hippocampus is one of the key parts of limbic system. It is located in the floor of the inferior hornof lateral ventricle.Materials and methods: The study is conducted on 50 Hippocampi removed from 25 cadaveric brains in MedicalCollege Baroda, Gujarat. The volume of each is measured by water displacement method.Results: It is observed that the mean volume for the sample is 2.26+0.88cc. The mean volume on right side is2.37+0.88cc and on the left side is 2.12+0.88cc. The mean volumes seen in male and female hippocampi are2.14+0.70cc and 2.52+1.21cc respectively. The mean volume in the age group 60-80 years is 2.55+0.65cc and inthe age group 81 years onwards, it is 2.0+1.03cc. The difference in volumes of the two age groups is found to bestatistically significant.Conclusion: The study will be useful to anatomists, Neurologists, Neurosurgeons and psychiatrists alike.
ABSTRACT
Background: Nose is an important anatomical and physiological part of face. Its anatomy considerably affectsits function of inhalation and temperature regulation of inspired air. The anatomy is affected by genetic, racialas well as geographical factors. The aim of the study was to measure nasal height and width in the populationbeing studied so as to calculate nasal index and classify noses on the basis of calculated index.Materials and method: The study was conducted on 159 healthy volunteers aged 18-25 years in Medical CollegeBaroda, Gujarat. Nasal height and Nasal width were measured by digital vernier caliper and the nasal index wascalculated. The type of nose was determined on the basis of the nasal index.Results: In the present study the mean nasal index is found to be 73.28+10. Mean nasal index is observed as106.46+6.24 in males & 71.94+8.02 in females. The t test value calculated is 26.725 at CI 95% with P<0.0001showing highly significant difference in nasal indices of male and female. Mesorrhine is the commonest nasaltype found.Conclusion: The study will be highly useful to plastic surgeons, craniofacial surgeons, otolaryngologists,anatomists, forensic experts, orthodontists and medical illustrators alike.
ABSTRACT
Background: Morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum of dry human skulls in Gujarat region was carriedout to demonstrate the anatomical variations in morphology. The measurements of the foramen magnum areclinically important because vital structures passing through it. There are certain diseases associated withcompression of structure present in foramen magnum like arnold chiari malformation (tonsillar herniation),achondroplasia, stenosis of foramen magnum, meningioma and atlanto-occipital fusion.Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure anteroposterior & transverse diameter of foramen magnum,surface area and index of foramen magnum and to observe its various shapes.Materials and methods: 326 dry skulls of adult human being were studied. Antero-posterior and TransverseDiameter were measured by using a digital vernier caliper. The surface area and foramen magnum index werecalculated. The cranial base was visually assessed for the shape of foramen magnum.Results: The mean antero-posterior and transverse diameter of the foramen magnum were 34.18 ± 2.74 mm and28.49 ± 2.13 mm respectively. The mean surface area and the foramen magnum index were 766.86 ± 104.76 mm2and 83.60 ± 6.21 mm respectively. The percentages of different shapes of foramen magnum were: Oval (42.33%),Round (32.82%), Tetragonal (8.59%), Hexagonal (7.67%), Pentagonal (4.60%), and irregular (3.99%).Conclusion: The knowledge of various dimensions & shape of the foramen magnum help to determine somemalformations like arnold chiari syndrome in which the transverse diameter is increased. The antero-posteriordiameter of foramen magnum was more than the transverse diameter and most common shape of foramenmagnum was found to be Oval.