ABSTRACT
Background: To compare the frequency of habits among different stages of oral submucous fibrosis
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients were recruited through purposive sampling technique from Dental OPD of Ziauddin Dental College, Clifton campus and Keamari campus, Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi. There were 50 stage 1 OSMF patients with limited mouth opening between 26-35 mm and 50 stage 2 OSMF patients with limited mouth opening less than 26mm. A detailed questionnaire was filled with details regarding patient's medical history along with the frequency of pan, ghutka, betelnut, tobacco and alcohol. Co-relations were studied between various continuous variables. Cross-tabulations were performed between frequency of habits and different stages of OSMF
Results: In the present study, 100 OSMF patients, 70 [70 %] males and 30 [30 %] females, were recruited and diagnosed into different stages on the basis of limited mouth opening. Majority of addictions in OSMF stage 1were due to pan chewing [54%] followed by ghutka [40%], tobacco [34 %] and betelnut [28%] respectively. OSMF stage 2 patients showed highest consumption of ghutka [68%] followed by pan [60%], betelnut [50%] and tobacco [42%] respectively. Alcohol consumption alone in both stages was found insignificant causative factor in OSMF disease
Conclusion:The present study revealed that the relative risk of disease becomes higher with increased frequency and duration of daily consumption of pan for stage 1 and ghutka for stage 2 OSMF patients
ABSTRACT
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma [OSCC] is one of the most common cancers in the world. Cigarette smoking, gutka and pan are the most common addictions in Pakistan. This study is conducted to evaluate the frequency of these risk factors [cigarette smoking, gutka and pan] and correlate it with histopathological grade of OSCC.The objective of the study is to evaluate the role of cigarette smoking, gutka and pan consumption in the histopathological differentiation of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. OSCC patients [n= 138] were recruited through purposive sampling technique from Dental OPD of Ziauddin Dental College, Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi. A detailed questionnaire was filled with information regarding patient's medical history along with the daily consumption of cigarette, gutka and pan. Co-relations were studied between various continuous variables. Cross-tabulations were performed between frequency of habits and different histopathological grades of OSCC
Results: In the present study, 138 OSCC patients, 108 [78.3%] males and 30 [21.7 %] females, were enrolled and histopathologically diagnosed into well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated OSCC. Association of histopathological grades of OSCC with different age groups revealed moderately differentiated OSCC as the predominant histopathological differentiation in 30-39 years age group [46.3%]. Majority of OSCC cases with cigarette smoking and gutka consumption used these products with frequency of > 15 packets per day, while, most of the pan consumers used 5-15 pan per day. All these patients had poorly differentiated OSCC i.e. 48.7% cigarette smokers, 64.1% gutka and 43% pan consumers
Conclusion: This study concludes that most of OSCC patients with habits of gutka, cigarette smoking and pan were associated with poorly differentiated carcinoma with more cases occurring in younger age group. This point to an alarming situation and serious thought should be given to early detection and prevention
ABSTRACT
Oral submucous fibrosis [OSMF] is a chronic, irreversibly progressive and precancerous disease that effects oral, oropharyngeal and oesophageal mucosa. OSMF is characterised by the inflamation and progressive fibrosis of lamina propria that leads to difficulty in mastication, speech, swallowing and causes limited mouth opening. Arecoline [major alkaloid] in areca nut is the main aeitiological factor in causing the disease. Prevalance of OSMF ranges from 0.2% to 0.5% in South India. The malignant rate of transformation over 17-year period was 7.6%. Trace elements [part of metalloenzymes] are recognised as versatile biomarkers which may be helpful in early detection, prognosis and can reduce the incidence of cancer. Copper, Iron, Zinc, Selenium, Cadmium, antioxidants [Superoxide Dimutase, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E], immunoglobulins and alternation in oncosupressor genes and other genes have been emphasized as biochemical parameters that play an important role in its pathogenesis. These parameters can also serve as important biomarkers in early detection of a premalignant condition and cancer progression