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Objective@#To explore the mediating effect of maternal emotional symptoms on maternal adverse experiences and children s emotional behavior problems, so as to provide a scientific basis for family intervention of children with emotional behavior problems.@*Methods@#A multi stage sampling method was used to select 12 kindergartens in 3 districts and counties of Wuhu City. The questionnaire star method was used to investigate the love of homosexuality in families and children, children s emotional behavior development questionnaire, mother s life experience questionnaire, mother s emotional symptoms questionnaire, etc. SPSS 23.0 software was used for general descriptive analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. GLS method was used to evaluate the mediating effect of maternal mental health level between maternal adverse experiences and childrens emotional and behavioral problems.@*Results@#The difficulty factor score in the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) of preschool children in Wuhu City was (10.08±4.05) points, the abnormal detection rate of the total difficulty score was 6.6%, and the abnormal detection rate of prosocial behavior was 16.5%, the total score of mother s adverse experience was positively correlated with the total score of mother s SDQ difficulties and the scores of mother s depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. The total score of children s SDQ difficulties was positively correlated with the scores of mother s depression, anxiety and stress emotions( r=0.17-0.71, P < 0.01). The results of mediating effect analysis showed that the intermediate effect coefficients of maternal depression, anxiety, stress and other emotions between the total score of maternal adverse experience and the total score of children s SDQ difficulties were statistically significant( P <0.05), and the mediating effect accounted for 22.6%, 15.2% and 17.1% of the total effect, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The relationship between maternal adverse childhood experiences and children s emotional behavior problems was influenced by maternal emotional symptoms. Attention to mothers early life experience and mental health is beneficial to the prevention and control of children s emotional and behavioral problems.
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Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical respiratory syndrome with limited effective interventions. Lung macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of abnormal inflammatory response in the syndrome. Recently, impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO), one of the key lipid metabolic signalings, was found to participate in the onset and development of various lung diseases, including ALI/ARDS. Lipid/fatty acid contents within mouse lungs were quantified using the Oil Red O staining. The protective effect of FAO activator L-carnitine (Lca, 50, 500, or 5 mg/mL) was evaluated by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), ELISA, immunoblotting, fluorescence imaging, and fluorescence plate reader detection in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/mL)-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages. The in vivo efficacy of Lca (300 mg/kg) was determined in a 10 mg/kg LPS-induced ALI mouse model. We found for the first time that lipid accumulation in pulmonary macrophages was significantly increased in a classical ALI murine model, which indicated disrupted FAO induced by LPS. Lca showed potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects on THP-1 derived macrophages upon LPS stimulation. Mechanistically, Lca was able to maintain FAO, mitochondrial activity, and ameliorate mitochondrial dynamics. In the LPS-induced ALI mouse model, we further discovered that Lca inhibited neutrophilic inflammation and decreased diffuse damage, which might be due to the preservation of mitochondrial homeostasis. These results broadened our understanding of ALI/ARDS pathogenesis and provided a promising drug candidate for this syndrome.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship of maternal adverse childhood experiences(ACEs) with mother child relationship, so as to provide reference for parent child relationship and child health promotion.@*Methods@#In June 2021, children aged 3-6 years old of 36 kindergartens in three areas in Anhui Province were selected by stratified cluster sampling method, follow up data were collected in December 2021, and a total of 6 111 children were included in the study. Maternal ACEs and mother child relationship were respectively assessed using the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire(ACEs-IQ)and the Child Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS). A multiple linear regression model was established to analyze the association of maternal ACEs and mother child relationship in preschool children.@*Results@#History of maternal childhood sexual abuse, physical neglect and peer bullying were negatively associated with mother child intimacy ( r =-0.03, -0.03, -0.03, P <0.05). Maternal emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, peer bullying, community violence, and total family dysfunction were positively associated with mother child dependence and mother child conflict ( r =0.09, 0.08, 0.05, 0.14, 0.06, 0.11, 0.08, 0.04; 0.18, 0.17, 0.07, 0.20, 0.11, 0.16, 0.12, 0.10, P <0.01). There was no statistically significant between all types of maternal ACEs and mother child intimacy in boys( P >0.05). Mothers with a history of physical abuse, sexual abuse and peer bullying had a statistically significant relationship between mother child intimacy in girls( β =-0.17, -0.62, -0.19, P <0.05). All types of maternal ACEs were positive predictors of mother child conflict between boys and girls( β =0.37-1.96, P <0.05). There was statistical significance between maternal childhood sexual abuse and mother child dependence of boys( β =0.53, P <0.05), but no statistical significance between maternal childhood sexual abuse and mother child dependence of girls( P >0.05). All other types of maternal ACEs were positive predictors of mother child dependence( β =0.09-0.41, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Maternal ACEs are associated with poor mother child relationship among preschool children, and maternal ACEs should be actively followed, which is of great significance for improving the parent child relationship and promoting child healthy development.
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Objective@#To explore the role of parenting style in the association of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and emotional behavior problems (EBPs) in preschool children, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and control of EBPs in children.@*Methods@#A total of 6 111 children aged 3-6 years old from 36 kindergartens in 3 areas of Anhui Province in June 2021, follow up data were collected in December 2021. Maternal ACEs, mother child relationship and children EBPs were respectively assessed using the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire(ACEs-IQ), Parental Rearing Style Scale and the difficulty score factor in the Chinese Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire(SDQ). The Bootstrap was used to examine the mediation effect of maternal parenting styles.@*Results@#Maternal ACEs were positively associated with child SDQ difficulty scores( r = 0.28, P <0.01). Negative parenting (indulgent, permissive, authoritarian and inconsistent) were positively correlated with maternal ACEs scores( r =0.28, 0.30, 0.21, 0.31) and child SDQ difficulty scores( r =0.25, 0.20, 0.20, 0.28)( P <0.01). Positive parenting (democracy) was negatively correlated with maternal ACEs and SDQ difficulty scores( r =-0.09, -0.29, P <0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, the results of the mediation effect test of Bootstraping procedure showed that maternal parenting styles (indulgent, democracy, permissive, authoritarian and inconsistent) played a mediation role in maternal ACEs and EBPs of preschool children, and the mediation effects were respectively 19.13%, 7.34%, 24.88%, 12.05% and 26.83%.@*Conclusion@#Parenting styles play a mediating role in the association of maternal ACEs and EBPs in preschool children, and improving mothers negative parenting styles is of great significance to reduce EBPs in the offspring of maternal ACEs.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship and gender difference between maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) in preschool children, and to provide a reference to promote emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children.@*Methods@#Using the method of stratified cluster sampling, 9 647 children from kindergartens in three cities of Anhui Province were selected in June 2021. Maternal adverse childhood experiences were investigated with the WHO Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire(ACEs-IQ), preschool children s emotional and behavioral problems were investigated with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.@*Results@#The detection rate of abnormal emotional behavior was 17.4%, emotional symptoms 16.3%, conduct problems 18.3%, hyperactivity 22.7%, peer problems 34.2%, prosocial behaviors 18.5%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal adverse childhood experiences were positively associated with the risk of emotional and behavioral problems ( OR =1.51-2.97, P <0.01). Maternal cumulative adverse childhood experiences were also positively associated with the risk of emotional and behavioral problems( OR =3.13-9.61, P <0.01). The association of maternal emotional abuse, physical abuse and community violence with peer problems were stronger in boys than that of girls ( ROR =1.25, 1.26, 1.41, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The findings suggest maternal adverse childhood experiences were associated with emotional behavior problems among preschool children. Focusing on the maternal adverse childhood experiences is crucial for the prevention and control of childhood emotional and behavioral problems.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship and gender difference between family rearing styles with emotional and behavior problems in preschool children aged 3-6 years, so as to provide reference for early prevention and intervention of children s emotional and behavior problems.@*Methods@#Using the method of stratified cluster sampling, 9 647 children aged 3-6 years old from 36 kindergartens in Wuhu, Lu an and Fuyang of Anhui Province were selected in June 2021. Primary caregivers were investigated with self designed questionnaire, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (parents version) and Parental Rearing Style Scale.@*Results@#The detection rate of elevated SDQ total difficulty score was 6.5%, with boys (7.1%) higher than that of girls (5.8%). The detection rate of abnormal emotional behavior were significantly higher in children with high scores on doting, laissez faire, autocracy and inconsistency of family rearing style, compared with those in the low score group ( χ 2=210.32, 203.87, 102.70, 212.69, P <0.01 ), and the detection rate increased with the increase of score. However, the detection rate of abnormal emotional behavior in the high score group of democracy was significantly lower than that in the low score group ( χ 2=156.24, P <0.01), and the detection rate decreased with the increase of score. Logistic regression analysis showed that high level doting ( OR =4.31), laissez faire ( OR = 4.16), autocracy ( OR =3.36) and inconsistency ( OR =4.76) of family rearing style were associated with high risk of children s emotional behavior problems, while high level of democracy ( OR =0.34) in family rearing style was associated with low risk of emotional behavior problems. The comparison between boys and girls showed that the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in the indulgent rearing style of boys was significantly higher than that of girls ( OR =1.90, 2.13) ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Family rearing styles are associated with emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children. Boys are sensitive to the negative impact of doting rearing style. Good rearing styles is beneficial to the prevention and control of children s emotional and behavioral problems.
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Objective@#To investigate the association between sleep with emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children in Wuhu City.@*Methods@#A cluster sampling survey was conducted among senior class of 12 kindergartens in Wuhu City, a total of 1 158 preschool children were investigated. The self designed questionnaire was used to investigate the general situation and sleep characteristics. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Sleeping Quality Questionnaire for Children Aged 2-5 years were used to investigate their emotional behavior and sleep disorders.@*Results@#About 44.21% of respondents had emotional and behavioral problems, among which peer interaction was the most prominent. There were gender differences in sleeping alone and the need of comforters for sleep. 41.97% of preschool children detected at least one type of sleep disorder, and the detection rate of disturbed sleep was 33.83% in girls, which was higher than that of boys(25.97%). Abnormal sleep and disturbed sleep increased the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool girls( OR=2.33, 95%CI =1.25-4.34; OR=4.92, 95%CI =1.28-19.00), adequate sleep reduced the risk( OR=0.46, 95%CI =0.27-0.77). Abnormal sleep increased the risk of boys emotional and behavioral abnormalities( OR=1.86, 95%CI =1.08-3.19), while sleeping alone reduced the risk( OR=0.59, 95%CI =0.37-0.95).@*Conclusion@#Sleep behaviors are associated with the occurrence of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children in a sex specific manner.