role of Th1 and Th17 cells in glomerulonephritis

Thelper [Th] cells as an important part of the immune is responsible for elimination of invading pathogens. But, if Th cell responses are not regulated effectively, the autoimmune diseases might develop. The Th17 subset usually produces interleukin-17A which in experimental models of organ-specific autoimmune inflammation is very important. Directory of open access journals [DOAJ], Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science have been searched. Fifty-six articles were found and searched. In the present review article, we tried to summarize the recently published data about characteristics and role of Th1 and Th17 cells and discuss in detail, the potential role of these T helpers immune responses in renal inflammation and renal injury, focusing on glomerulonephritis. Published papers in animal and human studies indicated that autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, classically believed to be Th1-mediated, are mainly derived from a Th17 immune response. Identification of the Th17 subgroup has explained seemingly paradoxical observations and improved our understanding of immune-mediated inflammatory responses. Secretion of IL-17A, as well as IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, suggests that Th17 subset may play a crucial role as a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory Th subset. There is experimental evidence to support the notion that Th1 and Th17 cells contribute to kidney injury in renal inflammatory diseases like glomerulonephritis

New concepts in nutraceuticals as alternative for pharmaceuticals

Nutraceuticals are products, which other than nutrition are also used as medicine. A nutraceutical product may be defined as a substance, which has physiological benefit or provides protection against chronic disease. Nutraceuticals may be used to improve health, delay the aging process, prevent chronic diseases, increase life expectancy, or support the structure or function of the body. Nowadays, nutraceuticals have received considerable interest due to potential nutritional, safety and therapeutic effects. Recent studies have shown promising results for these compounds in various complications. In the present review much effort has been devoted to present new concepts about nutraceuticals based on their diseases modifying indications. Emphasis has been made to present herbal nutraceuticals effective on hard curative disorders related to oxidative stress including allergy, alzheimer, cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes, eye, immune, inflammatory and Parkinson's diseases as well as obesity. The recently published papers about different aspects of nutraceuticals as alternative for pharmaceuticals were searched using scientific sites such as Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The used terms included nutraceutical and allergy, alzheimer, cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes, eye, immune, inflammatory or Parkinson

A review study on analgesic applications of Iranian medicinal plants

Numerous side effects of synthetic drugs have caused medicinal plants to be regarded in recent decades as a reliable source of new drugs. Regarding the analgesic effects of many plants that are pointed in traditional medicine of Iran, many studies have been performed in this field that have caused need to be reviewed. In this study, different methods of testing pain, analgesic activity and possible compounds of medicinal plants and also the possible mechanisms actions of these plants are presented. The data presented in this review paper provide scientific information that might be used for isolation of potentially active compounds from some of these medicinal plants in future.

A review study on analgesic applications of Iranian medicinal plants

Numerous side effects of synthetic drugs have caused medicinal plants to be regarded in recent decades as a reliable source of new drugs. Regarding the analgesic effects of many plants that are pointed in traditional medicine of Iran, many studies have been performed in this field that have caused need to be reviewed. In this study, different methods of testing pain, analgesic activity and possible compounds of medicinal plants and also the possible mechanisms actions of these plants are presented. The data presented in this review paper provide scientific information that might be used for isolation of potentially active compounds from some of these medicinal plants in future.

Clinical and bacteriologic correlates of the PapG alleles among uropathogenic escherichia coli strains isolated from cases of adult urinary tract infection

To study the distribution of papG gene in uropathogenic Escherichia coli [E.coli] strains isolated from adult urinary tract infection [UTI] and the relationship between the different classes of papG gene and patients, sex, hospitalization and their clinical forms of UTI. Laboratory study. Inpatient and outpatient settings with laboratory investigation. Genotyping of papG, the adhesion gene of E. coli P fimbriae, may predict clinical outcomes of UTI. A total of 182 urinary E .coli strains were analyzed by multiplex PCR method for detection of papG gene. Patients, sex, hospitalization and their clinical forms of UTI were also evaluated. The distribution of papG gene in uropathogenic E.coli strains and the relationship between papG gene and clinical features of the patients. Multiplex PCR method was performed for detection of papG gene in uropathogenic E.coli strains isolated from adult urinary tract infections The prevalence of pap operon in the uropathogenic isolates was 36.2%. The prevalence of papG gene classes II and III in uropathogenic isolates was 23.1% and 6.6% respectively. None of the isolates had class I genotype. PapG classes II and III were predominant in patients with pyelonephritis and cystitis respectively. There was no significant relationship between the presence of papG alleles, sex and hospitalization of the patients. PapG gene is likely to play an important role in pathogenesis of uropathogenic strains of E.coli in adult nosocomial UTIs. Detection and genotyping of this gene may contribute to improving the management of UTI

[ effect of immobilization stress and cold stress on growth of WEHI: 164 fibrosarcoma cells in Balb/c mice]

Stress gradually suppresses the immune system making the body susceptible to various diseases. The aim of this study was to show the effects of cold and immobilization stress on growth of malignant cells in Balb/c mice. In an experimental study which was carried out in the Molecular and Cellular Research Center of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2008, 3 groups of 10 Balb/c mice were selected to investigate the effects of cold stress and immobilization stress on growth of WEHI - 164 fibrosarcoma cells in groups of 10, Balb/c mice. Each mouse was injected with tumor cells subcutaneously in the chest; for 2 hours/day mice in group 1 were subjected to cold stress and mice in group 2 were immobilized; the control group received tumor cells with no stresses. Tumor sizes were measured every two days and case groups were compared with the control group. Results showed that the tumor sizes in stressed mice were significantly different from controls. After 14 days of tumor inoculation, mean tumor size in mice subjected to cold stress and immobilization was 31.99 +/- 2.61 and 37.13 +/- 3.51cumm respectively, but in the control group the mean tumor size was 18.15 +/- 3.09 cumm, [p<0.05]. Results in this study showed that cold and immobilization stresses increase the growth of WEHI-164 tumor cells

Expression of NC-2 receptor on MCL cells and its natural cytotoxicity against cancer cells

To identify the expression of NC-2 on an interleukin-3 dependent mast cell line [MCL] and investigate the activity of this receptor against tumor cells. Laboratory study. Cellular and Molecular Center, Shahrekord, Iran. The MCL cells were stained with D9 monoclonal antibody [anti-NC-2] and analysed by flowcytometry. This was confirmed by immunoperoxidase staining. The cytotoxicity assay was performed to show the cytotoxic activity of MCL cells against 51Cr-labelled WEHI-164 tumor cells. The expression of NC-2 on MCL cells, and the anti-tumor activity of this receptor were investigated. Flow cytometric analysis and in vitro experiments were performed for showing the activity of NC-2 against cancer. NC-2 receptor was expressed on more than 95% of MCL cells. Pretreatment with D9 monoclonal antibody resulted in about 63% reduction in natural cytotoxicity of MCL cells against WEHI-164 tumor target cells. NC-2 is also one of the receptors expressed on MCL and utilized for WEHI-164 tumor cell killing

Effects of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis Antigens on WEHI-164 Fibrosarcoma Growth in a Mouse Model

Cancer is the main cause of death in developed countries. However, in underdeveloped countries infections and parasitic diseases are the main causes of death. There are raising scientific evidences indicating that parasitic infections induce antitumor activity against certain types of cancers. In this study, the effects of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis egg antigens in comparison with Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) (known to have anticancer distinctive) on WEHI-164 fibosarcoma transplanted to BALB/c mice was investigated. Groups of 6 male BALB/c mice injected with T. gondii antigen, BCG, or T. canis egg antigen as case groups and alum alone as control groups. All mice were then challenged with WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cells. The mice were examined for growth of the solid tumor and the tumor sizes were measured every other day up to 4 wk. The mean tumor area in T. gondii, BCG, or alum alone injected mice in 4 different days of measurements was 25 mm2, 23 mm2, and 186 mm2 respectively. Also the mean tumor area in T. canis injected mice in 4 different days was 25.5 mm2 compared to the control group (alum treated) which was 155 mm2. T. gondii parasites and T. canis egg antigens induced inhibition of the tumor growth in the fibrosarcoma mouse model. We need further study to clarify the mechanisms of anti-cancer effects.