ABSTRACT
BACKGROUDN: Persistent bloodstream infection is known to cause high mortality and a prolonged hospital stay. We performed a study examining risk factors and the clinical significance of persistent bacteremia and fungemia. METHODS: This was a case-controlled study. Medical records of patients with bacteremia or fungemia in one university hospital in Korea from May 1999 to February 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with persistent positive blood cultures regardless of antibiotic treatment for more than three days were assigned to the persistent group. Patients with positive blood cultures only on the same calendar days with the persistent group but negative on follow-up were assigned to the short-term group. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients were enrolled in the persistent group, and 146 patients in the short-term group among 1,737 patients with positive blood cultures. The persistent group was associated with previous antibiotic usage within 1 month (p=0.033), nosocomial infection (p=0.026), having an abscess (p=0.008), and infection by mixed organisms (p=0.001), independently. Candida sp. as a causative organism, treatment with inappropriate empirical antibiotics, having a central venous catheter, or ICU care at the time of blood culture was higher in the persistent group as well. The persistent group had a prolonged number of hospital-days (p=0.010), but there was no difference in mortality between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a persistent bloodstream infection should be assessed about previous antibiotic usage within 1 month, nosocomial infection, having an abscess, infection by mixed organisms, Candida sp. as a causative organism, treatment with inappropriate empirical antibiotics, having central venous catheter, or ICU care at the time of blood culture.
Subject(s)
Humans , Abscess , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacteremia , Candida , Case-Control Studies , Central Venous Catheters , Cross Infection , Follow-Up Studies , Fungemia , Korea , Length of Stay , Medical Records , Mortality , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Influenza is one of the preventable respiratory disease by annual vaccination. Elderly people and patients with chronic medical disease are the primary target for influenza vaccination according to ACIP (Advisory Committee on Immunization). This study was done to determine whether influenza vaccination affects hospitalization due to influenza like illness or it's related complications among chronic ill patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, case-control study was conducted for 5 months (Nov. 1999-Mar. 2000). Physicians from two-university hospitals in Korea were instructed to collect clinical data, sera from subjects presenting with a flu-like illness or flu-related exacerbation in patients with chronic underlying diseases. We compared the vaccination history of case patients with control. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odd ratio and efficacy of influenza vaccination. RESULTS: Hospitalization due to ILI (influenza like illness) or it's related complications were observed more frequently in patients with chronic lung disease (25.3%) and chronic cardiac disease (31.3%) compared to others. Influenza vaccination resulted in fewer hospitalization with ILI or ILI-related acute exacerbation of underlying disease in chronic ill patients (adjusted odd ratio, 0.328 [CI, 0.14 to 0.73]) during influenza seasons. CONCLUSION: For patients with chronic disease, influenza vaccination is associated with substantial health benefit including fewer hospitalization. Health care providers should take advantage of all opportunities to immunize these high-risk patients.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Case-Control Studies , Chronic Disease , Health Personnel , Heart Diseases , Hospitalization , Influenza, Human , Insurance Benefits , Korea , Logistic Models , Lung Diseases , Retrospective Studies , Seasons , VaccinationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Influenza is one of the preventable respiratory disease by annual vaccination. Elderly people and patients with chronic medical disease are the primary target for influenza vaccination according to ACIP (Advisory Committee on Immunization). This study was done to determine whether influenza vaccination affects hospitalization due to influenza like illness or it's related complications among chronic ill patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, case-control study was conducted for 5 months (Nov. 1999-Mar. 2000). Physicians from two-university hospitals in Korea were instructed to collect clinical data, sera from subjects presenting with a flu-like illness or flu-related exacerbation in patients with chronic underlying diseases. We compared the vaccination history of case patients with control. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odd ratio and efficacy of influenza vaccination. RESULTS: Hospitalization due to ILI (influenza like illness) or it's related complications were observed more frequently in patients with chronic lung disease (25.3%) and chronic cardiac disease (31.3%) compared to others. Influenza vaccination resulted in fewer hospitalization with ILI or ILI-related acute exacerbation of underlying disease in chronic ill patients (adjusted odd ratio, 0.328 [CI, 0.14 to 0.73]) during influenza seasons. CONCLUSION: For patients with chronic disease, influenza vaccination is associated with substantial health benefit including fewer hospitalization. Health care providers should take advantage of all opportunities to immunize these high-risk patients.