Generation accumulation of murine ovarian genes in offspring exposed to microwave in uterus / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate generational accumulation of murine fetal ovarian genes following prenatal exposure to 1.765-GHz microwave radiation. METHODS: A 1.765-GHz microwave generator was used. Twenty pregnant ICR mice were divided into two groups: the microwave-exposed experimental (irradiated) group, and the sham-exposed (sham) group. On the fifth day post-mating, dam mice were exposed to microwave irradiation in the insulated cage for 8 hours each day. The remaining mice were treated in the same way. Second generation mice were raised for 8 weeks then classified into four groups for examination. We removed the neonatal ovaries on the seventh day after the third delivery. We investigated the expression of six genes in the ovaries: Tnfaip 8, TNFsf 12, Cfd, CCL 11, Zfp 74, and Brd 3. Real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed using total RNA extracted from the removed ovaries. RESULTS: In the third-generation offspring, we detected some differences in ovarian gene expression between the first group and the fourth. Expression of CCL 11, and TNFsf 12 was decreased in the first group compared to the fourth group. Expression of Tnfaip 8, brd 3, Cfd, and Zfp 74 was higher in the first group than in the fourth group. We found differing results when we compared ovarian gene expression in mice of the second generation with those of the third. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that there is no generational accumulation of murine ovarian genes in offspring exposed to 1.765-GHz microwaves in the uterus.

Microarray analysis of gene expression in mice ovaries exposed to a 1.765 GHz microwave in utero / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on murine fetal ovarian gene expression of prenatal exposure to 1.765 GHz of microwave irradiation. METHODS:Ten pregnant ICR mice were divided into two groups. At 5th days after mating, dam mice were exposed to microwave (SAR: 0.38~1.71 W/kg) in the insulated cage for 8 hours each day. The remaining mice were treated in the same way. Neonatal ovaries were removed for study 7 days after delivery. Microarray analysis was performed using total RNA extracted from the removed ovaries. We investigated the differences in ovarian gene expression between the groups. SPSS 12.0 was used for statistical analysis. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean birth weight of the offspring in the irradiated group was significantly lower than that in the sham group (1.54+/-.22 g vs. 1.60+/-.21 g, P=0.012). The mean number of offspring per pregnancy in the irradiated group was significantly higher than in the sham group (13.60+/-.70 vs. 11.40+/-.17, P=0.009). We detected that in the irradiated ovaries, 14 genes were expressed at levels 2-fold higher than in the sham ovaries and 74 genes were expressed at levels 2-fold lower than in the sham ovaries. CONCLUSION: We found differences in fetal ovarian gene expression between the irradiated and sham groups. In the irradiated group, the Tnfaip8, TNFsf 12, Cfd, CCL 11, and Zfp74 genes were down-regulated and the Brd 3 gene was up-regulated.

Microarray analysis of gene expression in mice ovaries exposed to a 1.765 GHz microwave in utero / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on murine fetal ovarian gene expression of prenatal exposure to 1.765 GHz of microwave irradiation. METHODS:Ten pregnant ICR mice were divided into two groups. At 5th days after mating, dam mice were exposed to microwave (SAR: 0.38~1.71 W/kg) in the insulated cage for 8 hours each day. The remaining mice were treated in the same way. Neonatal ovaries were removed for study 7 days after delivery. Microarray analysis was performed using total RNA extracted from the removed ovaries. We investigated the differences in ovarian gene expression between the groups. SPSS 12.0 was used for statistical analysis. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean birth weight of the offspring in the irradiated group was significantly lower than that in the sham group (1.54+/-.22 g vs. 1.60+/-.21 g, P=0.012). The mean number of offspring per pregnancy in the irradiated group was significantly higher than in the sham group (13.60+/-.70 vs. 11.40+/-.17, P=0.009). We detected that in the irradiated ovaries, 14 genes were expressed at levels 2-fold higher than in the sham ovaries and 74 genes were expressed at levels 2-fold lower than in the sham ovaries. CONCLUSION: We found differences in fetal ovarian gene expression between the irradiated and sham groups. In the irradiated group, the Tnfaip8, TNFsf 12, Cfd, CCL 11, and Zfp74 genes were down-regulated and the Brd 3 gene was up-regulated.

The assessment of spatial recognition memory on mice after prenatal exposure to mobile phone wave (1.765 GHz microwave) in utero / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To assess the spatial recognition memory on mice after prenatal exposure to 1.765 GHz microwave in utero. METHODS: We used self-made microwave generator with 1.765GHz radiofrequency. We designed the experimental copper box to prevent microwave from outside. The monopole antenna of microwave generator was located in the center of box for radiated equally to all of mice. The ten pregnant mice were divided to two groups, group exposed microwave and sham group. At 5th days of mating, dam mice exposed microwave grew in the isolated cage preventing microwave for 8hrs in the every day. Other mice brought up in same methods. Both groups grew in the same good condition during experimental period. They were deprived any water and food from 9 AM to 5 PM, but given adequate water and food from 5 PM to 9 AM in every day. To know whether there is thermal effect of microwave or not, body temperature was measured by rectum. Pregnant period, birth weight and gross anomaly of offspring identified. At 4th weeks after delivery, spatial recognition memory in each 11 offspring in both groups was assessed by Y-maze method. We investigated the body weight at birth, body weight change during 4 weeks after birth, the alteration ratio of Y-maze. Student t-test was used for statistical analysis with SPSS 11.0. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: At 21st day after mating, 61 offspring were delivered from 5 exposed dams and 47 offspring were delivered from 4 non-exposed dams. All of offspring didn't die immediately after delivery and didn't have gross anomaly at 3rd days in two groups. The change of body temperature and the mean birth weight on both group wasn't different statistically significantly (-0.35+/-0.47 degrees C Vs 0.20+/-0.42 degrees C, p=0.07), (1.53+/-0.13 gm Vs 1.54+/-0.16 gm, p=0.56). The alteration ratio of Y-maze on study group was inferior to sham group. But there was no statically significant difference (59.85+/-6.58 % Vs 63.58+/-7.73 %, p=0.23). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the spatial recognition memory on mice after prenatal exposure to 1.765 GHz microwave is not different from the sham group.