Anergy and chemokine receptors.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) induces a spectrum of immune abnormalities in the host by binding to CD4 molecules and chemokine receptors. Anergy, apoptosis, and immune activation are among the diverse immunological changes observed in the host. Chemokines, being the natural ligands for the chemokine receptors, block the entry of a retroviral strain, which exhibits tropism for the given receptor. This opens new therapeutic strategies and intervention possibilities for treating HIV infected individuals.

Nutrients as modulators of anergy in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Malnutrition induces a spectrum of immune abnormalities including a state of anergy in the host. This state is due to a decrease in CD4 + helper cells, diminished cytotoxic cell activity and reduction in production of lymphokines required for signal transduction. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the retrovirus known to cause acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), leads to a state of anergy by causing similar immunological changes. Micronutrient abnormalities, concomitant infections and genetic factors, etc., are some of the compounding co-factors which further contribute to the deterioration of the immune functions in AIDS patients. Reversal of these immune abnormalities would improve the quality of life of HIV-infected individuals.