Personal Identification by frontal sinuses radiographs examination

The study was done on 107 skull photographs taken as anteroposterior view. Measurements were taken regarding the septum, lateral border, lower border and the 3 angels for each sinus photographically. Comprehensive description of frontal sinus on each side showed complete asymmetry on both sides. Rudimentary frontal sinuses, bilateral or unilateral absence was present in some cases. Sexual variations could be noticed as larger sizes were present in males. Rudimentary and absent sinuses were more in females. The study concluded that frontal sinuses have very wide variations in size and shape. In this study it was noticed that there was no single case having any similarity with the others. Accordingly, the study concluded that frontal sinuses pattern has a very unique individuality which may be equivalent to fingerprint

Race and sex identification: a morphometric study of the Egyptian calcanei

This study was done on 271 Egyptian calcanei devided as 134 dry adult bones of unknown sex, 105 wet adult cartilage covered bones of known sex and 32 foetal calcanei of both sex. According to calcaneal bone classification regarding the number of the talar facets, calcanei were classified into three types [A, B and C]. Type C was present only in 2 bones out of the 271 calcanei. In both adult and foetal Egyptian calcanei, the incidence of type B, was significantly higher than type A with marked predominance in females. This pattern showed a particular racial distribution as that of Africans and Indians but differs from Europeans. The presence of a significant sex difference in the calcaneal types was also found in the foetal series, indicating that, the variations were genetically determined. This study proved that morphometric examination of the calcaneal bones could help in identification of both sex and race