ABSTRACT
Aganosma dichotoma (Roth) K. Schum, locally called Malati, has been traditionally used in the treatment of pain and inflammation in Ayurvedic system of medicine. In the present study, We investigated its antiarthritic potential. Qualitative and quantitative study through HPTLC was done in ethanolic root extract (EAD), petroleum ether fraction (PF) and chloroform fraction (CF) using quercetin, kaempferol, ursolic acid and lupeol as standard. EAD (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.), PF and CF (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) were evaluated for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activities by Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis model (FCA). Arthritis was assessed on the basis of ‘change in paw’ volume and arthritis index. Hematological parameters, spleen and thymus index, cytokine level in serum, radiological and histological parameters were also evaluated. EAD possess a higher amount of ursolic acid (2.23%) and lupeol (5.81%). EAD 400 mg/kg, p.o. showed potent inhibition in paw volume and TNF-α (33.19, 57.32%) as compared to curcumin 100 mg/kg, p.o. (31.12, 44.09%), respectively. EAD, PF and CF possessed significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activities. EAD and PF at higher dose decreased the spleen index.
ABSTRACT
Breast carcinoma is showing an increasing trend amongst urban women population. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) is a widely accepted risk assessment procedure for carcinoma breast in clinical practice. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an established and important preoperative diagnostic modality. We have done a two year comparative study of these two procedures in the department of Pathology, at Gandhi Hospital from June 2014 to May 2016. We have done 720 FNACs for breast lesions during this period and compared the results with BI-RADS classification by mammography / ultrasound screening at the department of radiology, Gandhi Hospital. Out of total 720 patients who underwent FNAC, BI-RADS grading was available for only 540 cases. Cytological patterns were compared with BI-RADS grading for these 540 cases. The Concordance and Discordance among these findings are discussed with special emphasis on grade 4 and Grade 5 BI-RADS lesions in which carcinoma breast risk is high.
ABSTRACT
Back ground: Sexually transmitted infections are a significant public health problem worldwide as they cause widespread morbidity and mortality in both male & female. In developing countries, STI are the third most common public health problem in young people of reproductive age group. Aim of the Study: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Candida species causing genital candidiasis in patients attending STD clinic in tertiary care hospital & to know the fluconazole resistance pattern of the isolated Candida species. Materials and methods: KOH mount is done by adding 10% KOH to the smear made with the vaginal discharge to look for the presence of yeast cells/ hyphal elements. Gram stain is done to look for the presence of gram positive budding yeast cells. Results: In this present study, Candida glabrata was the most common species causing vaginal candidiasis (47%) and fluconazole resistance is more among the Candida non-albicans isolates (62%). Candida albicans is the most common species isolated from male samples. Fluconazole resistance is also increasing among the Candida albicans isolates (32% in females and 30% in males). Conclusion: Prevalence of fluconazole resistance among Candida isolates is also increasing. This is due to the inappropriate and over the counter usage of antifungal agents. The emergence of Kavitha M, Hemalatha S, Shanmugapriya V. A study on fluconazole resistance among candida species isolated from patients attending STD OPD in a tertiary care hospital. IAIM, 2017; 4(4): 35-40. Page 36 fluconazole resistant C. albicans and non albicans species emphasises the need of species identification and antifungal susceptibility in the diagnosis and management of vaginal candidiasis.
ABSTRACT
The antidiarrhoeal activity of Cryptocoryne spiralis rhizomes extract (250, 500, 750 mg/kg, po) was evaluated using faecal excretion, castor oil-induced diarrhoea, small intestinal transit, intestinal fluid accumulation, gastric emptying and PGE2 induced enteropooling models in rats. In addition, various biochemical estimations, histopathological studies and antibacterial evaluations on strains responsible for diarrhoea were also performed. The results illustrated a significant reduction in normal faecal output rate after 5th and 7th h of treatment, while castor oil-induced diarrhoea model depicted a protection of 55.44% at same dose level from diarrhoea. The other models except, gastric emptying test demonstrated more pronounced effect at same dose level. A significant inhibition in nitric oxide, increase in carbohydrates, protein, DNA, Na+ and K+ level with minimum degeneration of colonic fibrous tissues and potent antibacterial activity were also observed. The antidiarrhoeal potential of C. spiralis may be as a result of antimotility and antisecretory type effect mediated through nitric oxide pathway.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antidiarrheals/administration & dosage , Antidiarrheals/chemistry , Araceae/chemistry , Castor Oil/toxicity , Diarrhea/chemically induced , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Diarrhea/pathology , Humans , Metabolic Networks and Pathways/drug effects , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Rats , Rhizome/chemistryABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2011 at the Student’s Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad on red sandy loam soils to study the effect of nitrogen management in speciality corn under Pongamia + maize agri-silvi system. All the growth and yield attributes such as plant height, dry matter production, leaf area index, cob length, cob girth, number of cobs plant-1, number of rows cob-1, number of kernals cob-1 and 100 kernel weight were found maximum at 120 kg N ha-1 than at the remaining nitrogen levels. Whereas, cob weight (with husk) was found maximum at 120 kg ha-1 but was on par with 90 kg N ha-1. Similarly cob yield (with husk), green fodder/stover yield, harvest index, kernel yield of popcorn and shelling percentage of popcorn were found significantly higher at 120 kg N ha-1 than the other two lower doses of nitrogen. The different types of corn were found significantly different from each other regarding growth parameters such as plant height, days to 50 per cent silking and days to maturity. Regarding the effect on yield attributes and yield, all the three types of corn were found significantly different from each other in cob length, cob girth, cob weight (with husk), green cob yield as well as green fodder/stover yield.
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Aim: The roots of the plant Eriosema chinense Vogel (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) is taken in the form of vegetable and is traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhoea by the tribal people of Meghalaya, India. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to assess the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of different fractions from roots of Eriosema chinense along with quantitative estimations of phytoconstituents. Study Design: Extraction, fractionation, analysis and antibacterial evaluation. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, India between April 2012 to October 2012. Methods: Different fractions i.e. aqueous, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane fractions were obtained from ethanol extract of roots of Eriosema chinense and were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and quantification of total phenols, tannins, flavonoid and flavonol. All the fractions were then evaluated for in-vitro antioxidant activity by using different models, which includes total antioxidant capacity, assay of reducing power, free radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging assay, H2O2 scavenging activity and scavenging of hydroxyl radical. The study also included assessment of antibacterial activity of all fractions against bacterial strains including those implicated in diarrhoea. Results: The chloroform fraction was found to be highly rich in flavonoids and phenols, which was followed by ethyl acetate fraction. In all the tested antioxidant models, chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated the highest antioxidant potential as indicative through their IC50 values. All the fractions except aqueous fraction depicted a potent antibacterial activity at their respective higher concentration. Conclusion: The antioxidant and antibacterial potential of Eriosema chinense may be attributed to the presence of phenols and flavonoids which plays a significant role in treatment of oxidative stress, cardiovascular arrests, inflammation, cancer and diarrhea.
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A study to monitor marine pollution with reference to trace elements (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) on T. attenuata, commonly called as screw shell over a period of one year on the whole body and various organs, viz. digestive diverticula, foot, mantle and ovary was conducted from the sandy beach of Porto Novo Coast (Lat 11 degrees 29' N Long: 79 degrees 46' E) of Peninsular India using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Higher concentration of all the four trace metals analysed were recorded in the digestive diverticula, whereas lower concentration of zinc and manganese were recorded in the ovary during the monsoon period. The higher level of trace metal concentration in the monsoon period may be due to the presence of these pollutants in large amounts in water. The accumulation of selected trace metals varies in different seasons according to the extent of pollution load in the marine environment.