ABSTRACT
Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 62 años con antecedente de tabaquismo, quien hace 2 meses cursó con mastalgia concomitante a nódulo palpable en mama y axila izquierda. A su ingreso al Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imágenes, se documentó en estudios una lesión en el cuadrante superior de la mama izquierda con microcalcificaciones las cuales se proyectaban de igual forma en la cadena ganglionar axilar ipsilateral. Se realizó biopsia y el estudio histopatológico reportó un carcinoma ductal de mama infiltrante de alto grado con microcalcificaciones concomitantes a adenopatías de similares características con marcada reacción leucocitaria. A pesar de que las microcalcificaciones en el cáncer de mama son frecuentes en el estudio mamográfico, la presentación de las mismas en los ganglios linfáticos axilares es infrecuente. (AU)
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Calcinosis , Mammography , Lymph NodesABSTRACT
Background. In order to assess intake of antioxidants and retinol, we evaluated the valid ity and reproducibility of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Methods. Data were collected from 110 women, aged 15-54 years, who resided in the southern part of Mexico City. Study participants were asked to complete the food frequency questionnaire before and after completing four series of 4 days of 24-h diet recalls. We obtained the 24-h recalls at 3-month intervals designed to account for seasonal variability. In addition, we measured serum blood levels of retinol and various carotenoids at 3 and 9 months baseline. Results. Intraclass correlation coefficients for intake of energy-adjusted daily nutrients, assessed by the questionnaires 1 year apart ranged from 0.23 for lutein/zaezanthin to 0.50 for total carotenes. Correlation coefficients between energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were measured by means of the sixteen 24-h dietary recalls, and the second questionnaire ranged from 0.09 for lutein/zexanthin to 0.45 for total carotenes. The correlations were higher after adjusting for day-to-day variations in diets ranging from 0.11 for lutein/zeaxanthin to 0.49 for vitamin C. Correlation coefficients between intake and biochemical measures were 0.32 for alpha-carotene, 0.34 for beta-carotene, and 0.40 for total carotene after adjustinf for age, body mass index, cholesterol and triglyceride plasma levels, smoking status, and caloric intake. Conclusions. These data support the ability of our food frequency questionnaire to provide valid information on the relative antake of these nutrients and to confirm its usefulness in epidemiological studies of diet-disease relations. However, its application outside Mexico City or in different age or gender populations will require additional modifications and validation efforts