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1.
Actual. psicol. (Impr.) ; 35(130)jun. 2021.
Article in English | LILACS, SaludCR, PsiArg | ID: biblio-1383494

ABSTRACT

Abstract. Objective. This study characterized the electroencephalographic correlation (rEEG) between prefrontal and parietalcortices in young men while solving logical-mathematical problems after 18 sessions of cognitive training. Method. Two training groups were formed: one trained with gradually increased complexity (CT), the other with no increase in complexity (ST). Results. CT had a greater number of correct responses in the post-training evaluation than ST and showed a higher correlation between the left frontopolar-parietal cortices in almost all EEG bands, and between the dorsolateral-parietal cortices in the alpha1 band while solving math problems post-training. Results suggest that major functional synchronization between the left prefrontal and parietal cortices plays an important role in improving mathematical problem-solving after cognitive training.


Resumen Objetivo. El presente estudio caracteriza la correlación electroencefalográfica (rEEG) entre las cortezas prefrontal y parietal en hombres jóvenes durante la resolución de problemas lógico-matemáticos después de 18 sesiones de entrenamiento cognitivo. Método. Se formaron dos grupos de entrenamiento: uno entrenado con un incremento gradual de complejidad (CT) y el otro sin incremento de complejidad (ST). Resultados. El grupo CT presentó un mayor número de respuestas correctas que el grupo ST en la evaluación post entrenamiento, a su vez mostró un incremento en la correlación entre las cortezas frontopolar y parietal izquierdas en la mayoría de las bandas, así como entre las cortezas dorsolateral y parietal en la banda alfa1 durante la resolución de problemas posterior al entrenamiento. Los resultados sugieren que el incremento en la sincronización funcional entre las cortezas prefrontal y parietal izquierdas juega un rol importante en la resolución de problemas matemáticos después del entrenamiento cognitivo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Electroencephalography , Cognitive Training , Logic , Mathematics , Mexico
2.
Salud ment ; 43(1): 11-19, Jan.-Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115924

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Stress during puberty exerts long-term effects on endocrine systems and brain structures, such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA), two cerebral areas that participate in modulating sexual behavior and whose functioning is regulated by androgenic hormones. Objective To evaluate the effect of pubertal stress due to social isolation on the sexual motivation, serum testosterone levels, and electroencephalographic activity (EEG) of the PFC and BLA in male rats. Method Sixty sexually-experienced male rats were used. Thirty were stressed by social isolation during puberty (SG, housed 1 per cage, postnatal days 25-50); the other 30 formed the control group (CG, 5 per cage). All rats were implanted bilaterally with stainless steel electrodes in the PFC and BLA. EEGs were recorded during the awake-quiet state in two conditions: without sexual motivation (WSM), and with sexual motivation (SM). After EEG recording, the rats were sacrificed by decapitation to measure their testosterone levels. Results SG showed lower sexual motivation and testosterone levels, but higher amygdaline EEG activation in the presence of a receptive female, while CG showed higher prefrontal EEG activation. Discussion and conclusion It is probable that the decreased testosterone levels resulting from pubertal stress affected prefrontal and amygdaline functionality and, hence, sexual motivation. These data could explain some of the hormonal and cerebral changes associated with stress-induced sexual alterations, though this suggestion requires additional clinical and animal research.


Resumen Introducción El estrés durante la pubertad ejerce efectos a largo plazo sobre sistemas endocrinos y estructuras cerebrales como corteza prefrontal (CPF) y amígdala basolateral (ABL). Ambas estructuras participan en la modulación de la conducta sexual y su funcionamiento es regulado por andrógenos. Objetivo Evaluar los efectos del estrés puberal por aislamiento social sobre la motivación sexual, los niveles séricos de testosterona y la actividad electroencefalográfica (EEG) de la CPF y ABL en ratas macho. Método Se utilizaron sesenta ratas macho sexualmente expertas, 30 fueron estresadas por aislamiento social durante la pubertad (GE, hospedados 1 por caja, días 25 al 50 postnatal), y el resto conformó el grupo control (GC, hospedados 5 por caja). Las ratas fueron implantadas bilateralmente en la CPF y ABL y el EEG fue registrado durante estado vigilia-quieto en dos condiciones: sin motivación sexual (SMS) y con motivación sexual (MS). Finalmente, las ratas se sacrificaron por decapitación para medir los niveles de testosterona. Resultados El GE presentó menor motivación sexual, menores niveles de testosterona y, en presencia de una hembra receptiva, presentaron una mayor activación EEG amigdalina, mientras que el GC mostró una mayor activación EEG prefrontal. Discusión y conclusión Es probable que la disminución de los niveles de testosterona como resultado del estrés puberal haya afectado la funcionalidad prefrontal y amigdalina y, por ende, la motivación sexual. Estos datos pudieran explicar algunos de los cambios hormonales y cerebrales asociados con alteraciones sexuales producidas por estrés. Esta propuesta deberá explorarse en futuras investigaciones animales y clínicas.

3.
Actual. psicol. (Impr.) ; 33(127)dic. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR, PsiArg | ID: biblio-1383468

ABSTRACT

Resumen La motivación y la activación sexual son dos procesos semi-independientes fundamentales para la ejecución de la conducta sexual. Empleando a la rata macho Wistar como modelo animal, se determinó el efecto de diferentes dosis de alcohol (0.75 g/kg; 1.0 g/kg; 1.25 g/kg etanol), sobre el acicalamiento genital, los toques de narina (índices de motivación sexual) y las erecciones peneanas sin contacto (índices de activación sexual). Dosis altas y moderadas de alcohol provocaron un efecto deletéreo sobre ambos procesos, mientras que dosis bajas facilitaron la activación sexual. Los resultados de este trabajo confirman que la motivación y activación sexual son dos procesos semi-independientes y muestran que el alcohol ejerce un efecto diferencial sobre cada uno de ellos.


Abstract Sexual motivation and arousal are two semi-independent processes that are fundamental to the performance of sexual behavior. In this study, male Wistar rats were used as an animal model to determine the effects of different doses of alcohol (0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 g/kg ethanol) on genital-grooming and nose-touching (two indices of sexual motivation), and non-contact penile erections (an index of sexual arousal). The moderate and high doses of alcohol had deleterious effects on both processes, while the low dose, in contrast, facilitated sexual activation. The results of this study confirm that sexual motivation and arousal are two semi-independent processes, and show that alcohol exerts differential effects on each one.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Ethanol , Sexual Behavior , Models, Animal
4.
Salud ment ; 41(3): 139-144, May.-Jun. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-979116

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Introduction: Although child maltreatment is related with psychopathologic symptoms, however their clinical prevalence in the general population and more so in specific groups of age and gender, such as female adolescents, has been scarcely documented. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the prevalence mental illness symptoms ‒such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety‒ in female adolescent maltreatment victims in Mexico. Method: Fifty-five 12-17-year old female adolescent victims of maltreatment (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse) recruited from four different Mexican institutions were evaluated through clinical scales for post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety, in addition to clinical interviews. Results: More than half of the participants presented significant scores of psychopathological symptoms in the three scales evaluated. Discussion and conclusion: The high prevalence of psychopathologic symptoms found in this study suggests that female adolescents who had experienced some form of abuse present highed a susceptibility to develop psychopathology. Results are discussed in the context of their relevance as a public health problem and their implications for professional interventions.


Resumen: Introducción: Aunque el maltrato infantil se ha asociado con síntomas psicopatológicos, se ha documentado poco la prevalencia clínica que tiene en la población general y aún más en grupos específicos de edad y género, como en el caso de mujeres adolescentes. Objetivo: El presente estudio tiene como propósito examinar la prevalencia de síntomas de enfermedades mentales como el trastorno de estrés postraumático, la depresión y la ansiedad en adolescentes víctimas de maltrato en México. Método: Se evaluaron 55 mujeres adolescentes víctimas de maltrato (abuso sexual, físico y emocional) de 12 a 17 años, reclutadas en cuatro diferentes instituciones mexicanas. A todas se les aplicaron entrevistas y escalas clínicas de estrés postraumático, depresión y ansiedad. Resultados: Más de la mitad de las participantes presentaron altos puntajes de síntomas psicopatológicos en las tres escalas evaluadas. Discusión y conclusión: La alta prevalencia de síntomas psicopatológicos encontrada en este estudio sugiere que las adolescentes que experimentaron alguna forma de abuso presentaron una alta susceptibilidad a desarrollar psicopatología. Se discuten los resultados en el contexto de su relevancia como un problema de salud pública y sus implicaciones para las intervenciones profesionales correspondientes.

5.
Arch. med. res ; 25(4): 419-25, 1994. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-198832

ABSTRACT

The effects of the intrathecal perispinal administration of adregergic agonists on the characteristic of frequency, duration, and vigor of pelvic thrusting displayed by male rats during copulation was assessed by an accelerometric technique. A different dose of one drug (noradrenaline, clonidine or isoproterenol) and saline as control was administered at the lumbosacral level of the spinal cord to sexually active male rats in tests of sexual behavior performed at weekly intervals. The intrathecal administration of noradrenaline (alpha-adrenoceptor agonist) increased the frequency of pelvic thrusting in mount and intromission responses, whereas both the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist clinidine (25 µg) and the ß-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol ( 40 µg) reduced the frequency of pelvic thrusting in these responses as compared to values obtained under the intrathecal administration of saline. On the other hand, the duration of the thrusting trains and the potency or vigor of pelvic thrusting in mounts and intromissions did not differ from values obtained under saline treatment. These findings indicate a possible participation of noradrenaline in the modulation of the spinal mechanisms involved in the generation of rhytmic pelvic thrustint performed by the male rat during copulation


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Adrenergic alpha-Agonists , Clonidine/administration & dosage , Copulation/physiology , Isoproterenol/administration & dosage , Norepinephrine/administration & dosage , Rats, Wistar/genetics , Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology , Data Interpretation, Statistical
6.
Arch. med. res ; 24(2): 155-60, jun. 1993. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-177006

ABSTRACT

Three specifically made computational programs are described. These programs were developed in order to delimitate and analyze the accelerometric signals generated in relation to the pelvic thrusting performed by the male rat during its mounting, intromission, and ejaculation copulatory responses. This methodology has allowed us to perform quantitative analysis, not only about duration and frequency but also about amplitude or vigor of pelvic thrusting trains. We found that during long ejaculation, the extravaginal pelvic movement had a significantly higher amplitude than that of the intravaginal movements


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Sexual Behavior/physiology
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