Prevalencia de úlceras por presión en pacientes atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez / Prevalence of pressure ulcers in patients treated at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez", "_i": "

Introducción: Las úlceras por presión (UPP) son lesiones producidaspor tensión sobre la piel al permanecer largos períodosen una sola posición, éstas representan un problema asistencialdada su prevalencia, el impacto sobre la salud y calidad de vidadel paciente. Objetivos: Identificar la prevalencia de UPP deacuerdo a su clasificación, localización y evolución de la heridaen los pacientes atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de CardiologíaIgnacio Chávez (INCICh). Metodología: Se realizó unestudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de los pacientesatendidos en el INCICh que presentaron UPP en el periodo deenero del año 2007 a diciembre del 2008, se revisaron los expedientesclínicos para obtener datos como: edad, sexo, grado deúlcera, tipo de tratamiento y evolución. Se realizó el análisiscon estadística descriptiva. Resultados: 173 pacientes presentaronUPP; el 47.3% fueron mayores de 60 años, la prevalenciafue de 1.4%; el 58.3% se estratificó en grado II y las zonas delocalización fueron sacro, glúteos y talones; el 73.4% se presentaronen Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos; el tratamiento seaplicó de acuerdo a las características individuales del paciente,por lo que varió el tiempo de resolución en cada uno de ellos.Conclusión: Evidenciar la prevalencia de UPP permite difundirel trabajo que realiza el profesional de enfermería en elINCICh y evaluar la efectividad de las medidas empleadas enla prevención de las UPP en el paciente cardiópata, a quien sele proporciona atención integral y de calidad para evitar complicacionesdurante su hospitalización.

Introduction: Pressure ulcers (PU) are lesions that are produced due to tension on the skin when staying in one position during too long. These lesions represent an assistential problem because of their prevalence, besides their impact over the patient’s life quality. Objectives: To identify the prevalence of pressure ulcers (PP) according to their classification, localization and evolution of the lesions in the patients who have been attended at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INCICh). Methodology: It was performed a descriptive, transversal and retrospective study of the patients attended at the INCICh who presented PP during the period going from January 2007 to December 2008. The clinical records were reviewed in order to obtain the following data: age, sex, grade of ulcer, type of treatment and evolution. An analysis applying de scriptive statistics was carried out. Results: One hundred and seventy-three patients presented PP. The 47.3% of these patients were elder than 60 years old. The prevalence was of the 1.4%; the 58.3% of the cases was stratified in grade II and the localization areas were as follows: sacrum, gluteus area (buttocks), and heels. The 73.4% of the cases appeared at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The treatment was applied according to the patient’s particular characteristics; therefore, the resolution time differs among patients. Conclusion: To put the prevalence into evidence allows to spread the work performed by the infirmary staff of professionals at the INCICh and evaluate the effectiveness of the measures used in the prevention of PP in cardiopathy patients, who are given integral and quality attention in order to avoid complications during their hospitalization.

Fisiopatología de los síndromes coronarios agudos / Physiopathology of the coronary syndromes

At the present time and as of years 90, the ischemic Cardiopathy in the main cause of death in greater adults of 40 years in our country, the rupture of the atheroesclerotic plate and the consequent thrombosis, is the component pathologic but studied in the acute coronary ischemic syndromes; the Biology of the plate has received relevance since it knows that to the presence of lipid nucleus and thin fibrous cap and infiltrated great inflammatory characteristics as of macrophages and lymphocytes are the angular stone in the physiopathology of such, since according to diverse authors the inflammation plays an excellent role in the instability of the plate and the thrombogenicy this given by the presence of tissue factor. The professional of Infirmary must count on the basic knowledge about the physiopathology of the coronary syndromes, this way she will count on the bases to implement interventions that avoid or detect complications early and also will include/understand the paper of the pharmacological therapy.