ABSTRACT
Resumen Las huellas digitales que se dejan al participar de un mundo altamente digitalizado e hiperconectado acompañan a los individuos durante toda su vida y son elementos constitutivos de la identidad digital. Este estudio de caso de tipo descriptivo, no experimental, de corte transversal basado en el paradigma cuantitativo tiene por objetivo describir el yo físico en medios digitales,considerando las diferencias prresentes según el género bajo su conceptualización binaria de hombre y mujer, de manera de identificar conductas estereotípicas que debiesen ser consideradas en el proceso formativo en estudiantes del área de ciencias de la salud chilenos. Se evaluó a 224 estudiantes universitarios a través de una encuesta, para identificar el tipo de información de su yo físico compartido en la red y cuáles son los medios de conectividad que utilizan para ingresar a la red. En términos generales, se concluyó que los universitarios utilizan preferentemente el celular como dispositivo de acceso a internet, son altamente transparentes y veraces al momento de autentificarse en plataformas y redes sociales, pero son las mujeres las más proclives a autentificarse con datos personales fidedignos. Este hecho abre la necesidad de incluir en el proceso formativo de los futuros profesionales de la salud competencias digitales relativas al autocuidado y la gestión identitaria.
Abstract The fingerprints left by participating in a highly digitized and hyper-connected world accompany individuals throughout their lives and are constitutive elements of their digital identity. This descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional case study based on the quantitative paradigm aims to describe the physical self in digital media, according to gender under its binary conceptualization of man and woman, in order to identify stereotypical gender behaviors that should be considered in the training process in students of the Chilean Health Sciences area. From the perspective of the participants, this research considered a non-probabilistic sample of 224 university students (164 women and 60 men) who participated voluntarily. Nonparametric tests were used since the data is ordinal and one of the advantages of these tests is that they should not fit any distribution and can be applied even if the parametric validity conditions are not met. To look for differences by gender, the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U test was applied (95 %; .05). Among the relevant results is the fact that men preferably use the internet connection available at home, women choose the one provided by their cell phone (p = .0469 and p = .0404, respectively). Likewise, the cellphone is the main technological device from which both prefer to access the network. From the sample, 79.88 % of women and 76.67 % of men state that they are, at least, 3 hours a day connected to the network. Women tend to identify themselves on digital platforms more frequently than men, using their real name and surname. Meanwhile, men tend to use nicknames more often than women. In this research it was concluded that students in the Health Sciences area are highly truthful in relation to the information they share in digital media, leaving data available that allows for a clear identification of their physical self on the internet. In addition, their main means of connection are their cellphones and the data networks that they provide through the use of their phone plans. There is a clear reflection of correspondence between their face-to-face and digital life, maintaining certain behaviors that can be attributed to gender stereotypes, but to a low degree. Finally, there is a clear need to include aspects related to digital competences in the training process that address the importance and proper management of communications in digital media, as well as the development and management of digital identity from a professional ethics perspective, since their actions on the network can involve and affect not only the construction of their own personal and professional digital identity, but also the personal lives of their patients and colleagues. It is important to note that these conclusions have some limitations, since this research is a cross-sectional study, and the sample was intentional per volunteer subject and not random. This implies that the results obtained are limited to the sample studied and describe its behavior at a given time. However, according to the purpose of the study, this type of sample manages to build a theoretical body that describes the common elements and the differences inherent in a collective case study, so it can be considered a good approximation to the Chilean reality. From a practical point of view, the conclusions of this research provide higher education institutions with evidence that allows progress towards a comprehensive, solid, and coherent training regarding the digital skills required by a university professional graduating in a highly digitized world. Considering the above, it would be advisable to advance in future studies that consider knowing what digital protection measures are incorporated in the training of university students.
ABSTRACT
Fundamento: la danza clásica requiere de capacidades específicas a nivel de fuerza, velocidad, y flexibilidad. El entrenamiento implica sobrecarga y estrés a largo plazo, al haber desequilibrio entre cargas y recuperación se puede originar síndrome de sobre entrenamiento. No existen procedimientos específicos que permitan diagnosticar este síndrome, es necesario tener marcadores que proporcionen información previa a su desarrollo. El análisis de la variabilidad del ritmo cardiaco es una herramienta válida y no invasiva para evaluar el sistema nervioso autónomo frente a la carga de entrenamiento. Objetivo: determinar la influencia de las fases de preparación al estreno de temporada sobre el control autonómico del ritmo cardiaco, ingesta energética y la calidad del sueño en bailarines de danza clásica. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal realizado en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile, durante la preparación previa de bailarines de danza clásica, para la temporada del 2015 que se realizó durante el mes de julio. El universo estuvo constituido por los 25 bailarines profesionales, la muestra quedó conformada por nueve individuos sanos y sin lesiones y/o tratamiento farmacológico. A los bailarines se les registraron parámetros de variabilidad del ritmo cardiaco, registro de consumo de alimentos de 24 horas y encuesta de calidad de sueño. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para medidas de tendencia central. Para la comparación de las fases, se utilizó la prueba de t student. Para el análisis de correlación se utilizó el test de Spearman. Resultados: no hubo diferencias significativas entre los parámetros evaluados. Se encontró una correlación entre pNN50 y el puntaje del Índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh en la fase 1 (r= -0,77; p= 0,02). Conclusiones: desde el punto de vista estadístico los resultados sugieren que las fases de preparación previas al estreno no influyen en la variabilidad del ritmo cardiaco, ingesta energética y calidad de sueño. Clínicamente se observó que la variabilidad tiende a disminuir mientras que la ingesta energética aumenta y la calidad del sueño tiende a mejorar.
Foundation: classical dance requires specific capacities at the level of strength, speed and flexibility. Training implies a long-term training overload and stress; therefor, an imbalance load-recovery may cause a syndrome of overtraining. There are no specific procedures to diagnose it, and then it is necessary to have markers, which provide information previously. Objective: to determine the influence of training phases at the premiere of the season on the autonomic control of cardiac rate, energy consumption and sleep quality in dancers of classical dance. Method: a cross-descriptive study was realized in the Santiago de Chile city, during previous training of classical dance dancers, for the season 2015, which was performed during July. The universe constituted by 25 professional dancers, the sample selected was nine healthy dancers without lesions and/or pharmacological treatment. Variations of cardiac rate food consumption in 24 hours were registered and a survey for quality of sleep. A descriptive statistic was used for the measurements of central trend. For comparisons of phases, the test of t student was uses. For correlation analysis, Spearman test was used. Results: there were no significant differences among the parameters evaluated. It was found a correlation between pNN50 and the score for quality of sleep by Pittsburgh in the phase 1 (r= -0, 77; p= 0, 02). Conclusion: from the statistical point of view, the results suggest that the training phases before the premiere do not influence the variations of cardiac rate, energy intake and quality of sleep. It was clinically observed that the variability tends to decrease while the energy consumption increases and the quality of sleep tends to improve.