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1.
ARS med. (Santiago, En línea) ; 48(2): 32-42, 28 jun. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451990

ABSTRACT

Las intoxicaciones en Chile siguen siendo un motivo importante de consulta en el servicio de urgencia (SU). Tanto intoxicaciones accidentales como intencionales constituyen una fuente de morbimortalidad y gasto de recursos monetarios no solo en Chile, si no que en todo el mundo. Debido a los múltiples compuestos que pueden producir una intoxicación grave, sigue siendo un desafío para el equipo de salud su enfrentamiento y manejo oportuno. Los médicos que tratan a estos pacientes deben ser sistemáticos y ordenados en su enfrentamiento, ya que la presentación clínica es variada y depende del agente ingerido, co-ingestas, si es aguda o crónica o concomitante con otras patologías (trauma, infecciones, etc.). El manejo está dirigido a las maniobras básicas de reanimación y soporte vital, prevención de absorción del tóxico y cuando corresponda, la administración del antídoto. La evaluación y tratamiento inicial serán abordados en esta revisión, temas específicos para diferentes drogas serán discutidos de forma separada. Objetivo: entregar las nociones básicas del enfrentamiento y manejo terapéutico inicial de un paciente intoxicado desde la perspectiva de la medicina de urgencias. Método: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica, presentándose la evidencia actual del manejo e intervenciones terapéuticas utilizadas actualmente de un paciente intoxicado.


In Chile, poisonings are a frequent reason for emergency department visits. Accidental and intentional poisonings constitute an important source of worldwide morbidity, mortality and health care costs. Because of the heterogeneous presentations of poisonings, and the unknown exposure, it is always challenging for healthcare providers. Doctors who treat these patients must remember to be systematic and structured in their evaluation since the clinical presentation is not only determined by the exposure itself but also by co-ingestions, the time of presentation, whether the exposure is acute or chronic, and other concomitant health issues (trauma, hypothermia, comorbidities). The management focuses on basic resuscitation and life support, prevention of absorption of the toxin, and when appropriate, administering an antidote. Initial evaluation and treatment will be addressed in this review, and specific issues for different drugs will be discussed elsewhere. Objective: to describe the basic concepts to assess and manage the initial encounter of a poisoned patient from the perspective of emergency medicine. Methods: a bibliographic review of the scientific literature was carried out, presenting the current evidence of the management and therapeutic interventions currently used in an intoxicated patient.

2.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 40(2)abr. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441413

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las infecciones asociadas a diálisis peritoneal constituyen una de las causas de morbimortalidad más importante en estos pacientes y la terapia antimicrobiana empírica y dirigida adecuada es fundamental para mejorar el resultado, por lo que es importante establecer la microbiología local. Objetivo: Revisar la experiencia clínica de cinco años del Hospital Carlos Van Buren de Valparaíso, Chile, describiendo las características clínicas y microbiológicas de los pacientes con episodios de peritonitis asociada a diálisis peritoneal. Metodología De forma retrospectiva se accedió a los registros clínicos de aquellos pacientes mayores de 18 años que presentaron al menos un evento de peritonitis asociada a diálisis peritoneal. Resultados: De un total de 26 episodios, 62% de los pacientes fueron de sexo femenino, con un promedio de edad de 53 años. La principal comorbilidad fue la hipertensión arterial (100%), y el dolor abdominal fue el síntoma más frecuente (85%), con una mortalidad general de 7,7%. En el laboratorio la leucocitosis, la proteína C reactiva (PCR) y la velocidad de hemosedimentación (VHS) fueron los hallazgos más importantes. Predominaron las cocáceas grampositivas (54%), seguido de bacilos gramnegativos no fermentadores y Enterobacterales en igual proporción (11,5% cada grupo). Casos aislados de Candida albicans y Pasteurella canis fueron identificados, y en 15% de los casos el cultivo resultó negativo. Conclusión: Se pudo conocer las características clínicas y microbiológicas locales de esta patología, para así redefinir las directrices de manejo en la institución.


Background: Infections associated with peritoneal dialysis are one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients, and adequate empirical and targeted antimicrobial therapy are essential to improve the outcome, so it is important to establish the local microbiology. Aim: To review the clinical experience of 5 years at the Carlos Van Buren Hospital in Valparaíso, Chile, in order to know the clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with episodes of peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis. Methods: Retrospectively, the clinical records of those patients over 18 years of age who presented at least one peritonitis event associated with peritoneal dialysis were accessed. Results: Of a total of 26 episodes, 62% of the patients were female, with a mean age of 53 years. The main comorbidity was arterial hypertension (100%), and abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom (85%), with an overall mortality of 7.7%. In the laboratory parameters, leukocytosis, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were the most important findings. Gram-positive cocci (54%) predominated, followed by Gram-negative non-fermenting and enterobacterial bacilli in the same proportion (11.5% each group). Isolated cases of Candida albicans and Pasteurella canis were identified, and in 15% of the cases the culture was negative. Conclusion: It was possible to know the local clinical and microbiological characteristics of this pathology, in order to redefine management guidelines for our institution.

3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 150(11): 1540-1544, nov. 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1442052

ABSTRACT

Liver transplantation is the only effective therapy to reduce the high mortality associated with acute liver failure and acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF). Single-pass albumin dialysis (SPAD) is an extracorporeal supportive therapy used as a bridge to liver transplantation or regeneration. We report a 44-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis admitted for critical COVID-19 pneumonia that evolves with ACLF. SPAD technique was performed completing six sessions, with a reduction of bilirubin and ammonia levels. He evolved with severe respiratory failure and refractory septic shock, dying. SPAD is a safe and efficient technique aimed to eliminate liver toxins, preventing multiorgan damage interrupting the process known as the "autointoxication hypothesis". It is easy to implement in any critical patient unit and has lower costs than other extracorporeal liver support therapies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Liver Transplantation , Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure/etiology , Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure/therapy , COVID-19/complications , Renal Dialysis/methods , Albumins/therapeutic use
4.
Humanidad. med ; 22(2): 361-385, mayo.-ago. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405097

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: dada la complejidad creciente de los problemas de salud de la población, se hace imprescindible perfeccionar el componente investigativo en los futuros médicos para asumir este reto y actuar en correspondencia con el contexto. Objetivo: describir las tendencias que han caracterizado el proceso formativo del componente investigativo en la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: se realizó una investigación cualitativa con enfoque histórico, a partir de la revisión documental, el método cronológico y la utilización de informantes clave, como métodos predominantes para desarrollar el objetivo de este estudio. Resultados: la sistematización teórica realizada posibilitó la determinación de los hitos histórico-pedagógicos para describir los indicadores asumidos, su progreso en cada una de las etapas y dilucidar las tendencias que han caracterizado dicho proceso. Discusión: el proceso de formación del componente investigativo en la carrera de Medicina ha ido en ascenso con el perfeccionamiento de los planes y programas de estudio. Sin embargo aún persisten insuficiencias, dada entre otros factores por la no acertada proyección desde las ciencias básicas biomédicas, para comunicar los resultados de la actividad investigativa del estudiante, con el uso de las tecnologías disponibles en correspondencia con el contexto.


ABSTRACT Introduction: given the growing complexity of the health problems of the population, it is essential to improve the research component in future doctors to take on this challenge and act in correspondence with the context. Objective: to refer to the trends that has characterized the training process of the research component in the Medicine career. Methods: a qualitative research with a historical approach was carried out, based on the documentary review, the chronological sub-method and the use of key informants, as predominant methods to develop the objective of this study. Results: the theoretical systematization carried out made it possible to determine the historical-pedagogical milestones to describe the assumed indicators, their progress in each of the stages and elucidate the trends that have characterized said process. Discussion: the formation process of the investigative component in the Medicine career has been on the rise with the improvement of the study plans and programs. However, insufficiencies still persist, given, among other factors, by the unsuccessful projection from the basic biomedical sciences, to communicate the results of the student's research activity, with the use of available technologies in correspondence with the context.

5.
Multimed (Granma) ; 26(3): e2662, mayo.-jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406103

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La enseñanza médica en Cuba constituye el escenario ideal para la formación de las competencias que garantizan la generación y socialización de resultados investigativos contextualizados a los desafíos actuales. Durante el año 2021, se realizó un estudio descriptivo con enfoque socioformativo en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, con el propósito de develar las potencialidades de la disciplina Bases Biológicas de la Medicina (BBM) para la formación de la competencia comunicación científica. A partir del mismo se determinan las causas, carencias teóricas y prácticas que repercuten en la formación de dicha competencia desde la formación inicial en el estudiante de Medicina y su incidencia en la práctica educativa. Fueron identificadas las potencialidades de esta disciplina y su implicación en la formación de una cultura para obtener, elaborar y comunicar los resultados de la actividad investigativa como elementos básicos para la socialización científica. El trabajo metodológico del colectivo de año, enfocado en las potencialidades identificadas desde un enfoque socioformativo posibilita formar y desarrollar la competencia objeto de estudio, orientada hacia la socialización de los resultados de la actividad investigativa que realiza el estudiante durante la educación en el trabajo y actividades extensionistas.


ABSTRACT Medical education in Cuba is the ideal setting for the formation of competencies that guarantee the generation and socialization of research results contextualized to current challenges. During the year 2021, a descriptive study with a socio-formative approach was carried out at the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey, with the purpose of revealing the potentialities of the discipline Biological Bases of Medicine (BBM) for the formation of scientific communication competence. From it, the causes, theoretical and practical deficiencies that have an impact on the formation of this competence from the initial training in the medical student and its impact on educational practice are determined. The potentialities of this discipline and its involvement in the formation of a culture to obtain, elaborate and communicate the results of the research activity as basic elements for scientific socialization were identified. The methodological work of the year group, focused on the potentialities identified from a socio-formative approach, makes it possible to train and develop the competence under study, oriented towards the socialization of the results of the research activity carried out by the student during education at work and extension activities.


RESUMO A educação médica em Cuba é o cenário ideal para a formação de competências que garantam a geração e a socialização dos resultados da pesquisa contextualizados aos desafios atuais. Durante o ano de 2021, foi realizado um estudo descritivo com abordagem socioamotiva na Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Camagüey, como objetivo de revelar as potencialidades da disciplina Bases Biológicas da Medicina (BBM) para a formação de competência de comunicação científica. A partir de la, são determinadas as causas, deficiências teóricas e práticas que impactam na formação dessa competência a partir da formação inicial do estudante de medicina e seu impacto naprática educacional. Foram identificadas as potencialidades dessa disciplina e seu envolvimento na formação de uma cultura para a obtenção, elaboração e comunicação dos resultados da atividade de pesquisa como elementos básicos para a socialização científica. O grupo metodológico do ano, focado nas potencialidades identificadas a partir de uma abordagem socioamsenária, possibilita a formação e desenvolvimento da competência em estudo, orientada para a socialização dos resultados da atividade de pesquisa realizada pelo aluno durante as atividades de ensino no trabalho e extensão.

6.
Educ. med. super ; 35(3)2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1506165

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La enseñanza mediante la modalidad virtual se adoptó como medida preventiva ante la propagación de la COVID-19. Para la educación médica cubana ha implicado un reto en cuanto a la reorganización de los programas de estudio. Con este propósito, se rediseño e implementó la asignatura Fisiología II en modalidad virtual, para garantizar la continuidad en la formación de residentes en Neurofisiología Clínica. Objetivo: Evaluar el desarrollo de la asignatura Fisiología II en su modalidad virtual desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes de la especialidad Neurofisiología Clínica. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio, no experimental y transversal. Mediante un cuestionario de preguntas cerradas y una abierta (aspectos positivos y negativos), se evaluó el desarrollo de la asignatura en modalidad virtual en relación con las variables: programa de la asignatura, desempeño de los profesores, escenario de las plataformas y soporte tecnológico. Resultados: La asignatura Fisiología II en modalidad virtual tuvo una alta aceptación por parte de los estudiantes. Los aspectos identificados como positivos fueron los relacionados con la gestión personal del tiempo, y la aplicabilidad y estructura de la asignatura; mientras que los negativos se orientaron hacia problemas de conectividad de internet y el entorno de estudio. Conclusiones: Las exitosas experiencias obtenidas en el desarrollo de la asignatura virtual Fisiología II sientan las bases para el empleo de este tipo de diseño en la especialidad de Neurofisiología Clínica y la posibilidad de extenderlo a otras asignaturas del plan de estudio(AU)


Introduction: Teaching through virtual modality was adopted as a preventive measure against the COVID-19 spread. For Cuban medical education, it has implied a challenge regarding the reorganization of study programs. For this purpose, the subject Physiology II was redesigned and implemented in virtual modality, in order to guarantee continuity in the training of Clinical Neurophysiology residents. Objective: To assess the development of the subject Physiology II in its virtual modality from the perspective of the students of the Clinical Neurophysiology specialty. Methods: Exploratory, nonexperimental and cross-sectional study. Through a questionnaire made up of closed questions and one open question (positive and negative aspects), the development of the subject in virtual modality was assessed in relation to the variables subject syllabus, professors' performance, platform scenario, and technological support. Results: The subject Physiology II in virtual modality had a high acceptance by the students. The aspects identified as positive were those related to individual time management, as well as the subject's applicability and structure; while the negative ones were oriented towards internet connectivity problems and the study environment. Conclusions: The successful experiences obtained in the development of Physiology II as a virtual subject lay the foundations for using this type of design in the specialty of Clinical Neurophysiology and the possibility of extending it to other subjects of the study plan(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Physiology/education , Education, Distance/methods , Neurophysiology/education , Program Evaluation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Education, Medical , Educational Measurement
7.
Medisur ; 19(4): 690-697, 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1346573

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La sinusitis es una entidad frecuente dentro de las afecciones de los senos paranasales. Es un trastorno inflamatorio de la nariz, y uno o más de los senos paranasales; su diagnóstico es clínico. Las complicaciones de las sinusitis a nivel orbitario, óseo y endocraneal son una circunstancia poco usual, pero de gravedad extrema; en estas, la tomografía computarizada juega un rol indispensable para el diagnóstico y evolución, y en casos puntuales, la resonancia magnética puede ser muy oportuna. Se presenta el caso de un adolescente con edema palpebral derecho, proptosis moderada y signos de desorientación. El resultado de tomografía computarizada de cráneo y órbitas informó evidencias consistentes con complicaciones a causa de una pansinusopatía. La interpretación del estudio imagenológico fue fundamental para los diagnósticos y conducta inmediata.


ABSTRACT Sinusitis is a frequent entity within the conditions of the paranasal sinuses. It is an inflamatory disorder of the nose, and one or more of the paranasal sinuses; its diagnosis is clinical. The complications of sinusitis at the orbital, bone and intracranial levels are an unusual circumstance, but extremely serious; in these, computed tomography plays an important role for diagnosis and evolution; in specific cases, magnetic resonance imaging can be very timely. The case of an adolescent with right eyelid edema, moderate proptosis and signs of disorientation is presented. The result of computed tomography of the skull and orbits reported evidence consistent with complications due to pansinusopathy. The interpretation of the imaging study was essential for the diagnosis and immediate conduct.

8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(8): 1107-1118, ago. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389568

ABSTRACT

Background: COVID-19 is a serious public health problem worldwide. Aim: To describe the clinical features of COVID-19 infection in adult patients consulting at an Emergency Service. Material and Methods: Descriptive prospective study of adult patients with suspected COVID-19 consulting between April 1 and July 31, 2020, at the Emergency Service of a clinical hospital. Clinical features, chronic comorbidities and demographic data were recorded. Results: We assessed 2,958 adult patients aged 42 ± 15 years (46% males). In 54% of them, COVID-19 infection was confirmed, 40% had preexisting diseases, especially hypertension (15%), hypothyroidism (6%), diabetes (6%), asthma (5%) and obesity (6%). The main clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19 were general malaise (79%), anorexia (38%), myalgia (64%), fever (52%), headache (70%), anosmia/dysgeusia (60%), cough (56%), dyspnea (54%) and diarrhea (36%). In the multivariate analysis, the main clinical predictors of COVID-19 infection were malaise, anorexia, fever, myalgia, headache, nasal congestion, cough, expectoration, anosmia/dysgeusia, and history of close contact with a SARS-CoV-2 patient. Odynophagia and chest discomfort were negative predictors of the disease. The history of fever associated with anorexia, cough, and dyspnea or anosmia/dysgeusia and close contact with a SARS-CoV-2 patient had high specificity and positive predictive value for COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Clinical features of COVID-19 infection were highly unspecific in these patients. Clinical diagnostic prediction models could be useful to support healthcare decision making at primary care setting.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Emergency Medical Services , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Cough/etiology , SARS-CoV-2
9.
CienciaUAT ; 15(2): 85-101, ene.-jun. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1285894

ABSTRACT

Resumen La calidad en el servicio se considera una alternativa para que las empresas puedan obtener una ventaja competitiva y sostenible en un entorno económico globalizado. Las pequeñas y medianas empresas deben ofrecer una mayor calidad en el servicio que las empresas grandes, y así obtener la preferencia de los clientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la relación entre la variable calidad en el servicio y las variables satisfacción del cliente y lealtad del cliente. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y un método estadístico basado en análisis factorial exploratorio que apunta a extraer la varianza máxima del conjunto de datos dentro de cada factor. Los resultados permitieron observar una correlación altamente significativa, positiva y fuerte de la variable de calidad en el servicio con satisfacción del cliente (r = 0.820) y lealtad del cliente (r = 0.803). Un hallazgo importante también fue la asociación entre la dimensión aspectos tangibles con las variables satisfacción del cliente (r = 0.910) y lealtad del cliente (r = 0.919). Por otro lado, en el análisis factorial, a través de la varianza total explicada, se observó que el autovalor es superior a 1 en los cinco primeros casos, donde el porcentaje de la varianza alcanza un valor máximo de 54.886 % en su primer factor. Entonces, con cinco factores se consigue explicar un 73.713 % de la varianza de todos los datos originales. El estudio presentó la limitación de su aplicación en solo una empresa. Se confirmó que a través de una mejor atención y servicio al cliente, la calidad en el servicio constituye una excelente herramienta para la rentabilidad y sostenibilidad de la empresa.


Abstract Service quality is considered an alternative for companies to obtain a competitive and sustainable advantage in a globalized economic environment. Small and medium-sized enterprises must offer a higher quality of service than large companies, and thus obtain customer preference. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between service quality variable and the customer satisfaction and customer loyalty variables. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used, and a statistical method based on exploratory factor analysis, aiming to extract the maximum variance of the data set within each factor. The results allowed observing a highly significant, positive, and strong correlation, with values of r = 0.820 and r = 0.803, between the variables of service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. An important finding was the association between the tangible aspects dimension with the customer satisfaction and customer loyalty variables, with values of r = 0.910 and r = 0.919, respectively. On the other hand, in the factor analysis, through the explained total variance, it was observed that the eigenvalue is greater than 1 in the first five cases, where the percentage of the variance reaches a maximum value of 54.886 % in its first factor. Then, with five factors, 73.713 % of the variance of all the original data is explained. The study presented the limitation of its application in only one company. It was confirmed that, through better customer care and service, service quality constitutes an excellent tool for the profitability and sustainability of the organization.

10.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385724

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: La caries es la enfermedad crónica más prevalente en niños constituyendo un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y severidad de caries en niños y niñas pertenecientes al Programa de Salud Oral asociado a escuelas de la Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas (JUNAEB). Se realizó un estudio de corte trasversal basado en datos del año 2015 del Sistema Informático del Programa de Salud Oral de JUNAEB. Las variables de estudio fueron presencia y severidad de caries (índices ceod y COPD) y las variables de asociación exploratorias fueron zona geográfica, provincias, sexo, tipo de dependencia administrativa del colegio, tipo de enseñanza, sistema de salud, situación de extrema pobreza, tipo de dentición y tipo de atención. La asociación independiente entre las variables se analizó mediante el test de Chi2 y t-test. La muestra quedó constituida por 162.116 individuos, siendo el 50 % mujeres. La población estudiada mostró una prevalencia de 49 % y un índice ceod y COPD de 2,48 y 1,55 respectivamente. La mayor prevalencia (63 %) fue la zona centro sur y la región del Bío-Bío mostró los mayores índices de severidad (p<0,001). Las asociaciones más significativas fueron entre caries y el nivel socioeconómico y zona geográfica (p<0,001). Este estudio evidencia la asociación de la prevalencia/ severidad de caries y el nivel socioeconómico, y la distribución geográfica de la caries; lo cual hace necesario implementar medidas preventivas que compensen la ruralidad o la falta de fluoración del agua en algunas zonas geográficas de pobreza extrema.


ABSTRACT: Caries is the most prevalent chronic disease in children, constituting a worldwide public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of caries in children included in the Oral Health Program associated to schools of the National Board of School Aid and Scholarships (JUNAEB). A cross- sectional study based on data from 2015 electronic register JUNAEB Oral Health Program was carried out. The main variables studied were presence and severity of caries (dmft and DMFT indices) and association variables were geographical area, sex, type of administrative dependency of the school, type of education, health system, and situation of extreme poverty, type of teething and type of care. The independent association between the variables was analyzed using the Chi2 test and the t-test.The sample consisted of 162,116 individuals, 50 % being women. The studied population showed a prevalence of 49 % and a CEOD and COPD index of 2.48 and 1.55, respectively. The highest prevalence (63 %) was the south-central zone and the Bío- Bío region showed the highest severity indices (p <0.001). The most significant associations were between caries and socioeconomic level and geographic area (p <0.001). This study shows the association between caries prevalence / severity and socioeconomic level, and the geographical distribution of caries, which make necessary the implementation of preventive measures that compensate rurality, or the lack of water fluoridation in some areas of extreme poverty.

11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(10)oct. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389230

ABSTRACT

Background: In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city and spread rapidly throughout China and the world. Aim: To describe the clinical features, risk factors, and predictors of hospitalization in adult patients treated for acute respiratory infections associated with coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Material and Methods: Descriptive prospective study of ambulatory and hospitalized adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 attended between April 1 and May 31, 2020. Clinical features, chronic comorbidities and demographic data were recorded, and patients were followed for two months as outpatients. Results: We assessed 1,022 adults aged 41 ± 14 years (50% men) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. One-third had comorbidities, specially hypertension (12.5%), hypothyroidism (6.6%), asthma (5.4%) and diabetes (4.5%). Hospital admission was required in 11%, 5.2% were admitted to critical care unit and 0.9% were connected to mechanical ventilation. Common symptoms included fatigue (55.4%), fever (52.5%), headache (68.6%), anosmia/dysgeusia (53.2%), dry cough (53.4%), dyspnea (27.4%) and diarrhea (35.5%). One third of patients reported persistence of symptoms at one-month follow-up, specially fatigue, cough and dyspnea. In the multivariate analysis, age, fever, cough, dyspnea and immunosuppression were associated with hospitalization and ICU admission. Age, male sex and moderate-severe dyspnea were associated with requirement of mechanical ventilation. The main predictors of prolonged clinical course were female sex, presence of comorbidities, history of dyspnea, cough, myalgia and abdominal pain. Conclusions: Clinical features of COVID-19 were highly unspecific. Prediction models for severity, will help medical decision making at the primary care setting.

12.
Medisur ; 18(4): 639-649, jul.-ago. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125247

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: propiciar la implementación de metodologías centradas en el estudiante para la adquisición de habilidades, tanto cognitivas como prácticas, potenciando así su autoformación, es tarea permanente en nuestras universidades. Objetivo: diseñar una propuesta de tareas docentes para dar tratamiento a la interdisciplinariedad y que propicie la investigación formativa, desde la asignatura Células, tejidos y sistema tegumentario. Métodos: se realizó una investigación cualitativa a través de un estudio de casos teniendo como centro de atención el trabajo metodológico del colectivo de la asignatura Célula, tejidos y sistema tegumentario concebido en el Plan de estudio E de la carrera de Medicina. Resultados: se establece un enfoque metodológico adecuado para tratar la interdisciplinariedad y la investigación formativa desde el contenido de la asignatura Célula, tejidos y sistema tegumentario. El diseño de la estrategia de la investigación cualitativa utilizada reafirma las potencialidades del tema tejidos básicos para su vinculación con la disciplina principal integradora y la estrategia curricular de investigación e informática médica. Conclusiones: el establecimiento de relaciones interdisciplinarias y su tratamiento desde el colectivo de asignatura aún es insuficiente. La conducción acertada de las tareas docentes propuestas desde los contenidos de la asignatura Célula, tejidos y sistema tegumentario, contribuyen al desarrollo de la interdisciplinariedad y favorece la investigación formativa de los futuros médicos.


ABSTRACT Background: To propiciate the implementation of students' centered methodologies for acquisition of cognitive and practical skills, contributing to potentiate their self-realization, is a permanent task in our universities. Objective: To design a proposal of learning tasks for the treatment of the interdisciplinariety from the subject cells, tissues and integumentary system, propitiating formative research skill. Methods: A qualitative investigation was developed through a study case focusing on the methodological work of the staff attending the subject cells, tissues and integumentary system, included in the Plan E of the Majoring in the Medicine. Results: An adequate methodological approach to treat interdisciplinariety and formative research skills, from the content of the subject has been established, the design of the applied qualitative investigation strategy confirms the potentialities of the topic basic tissue for licks whit the main integrative subject and the curricular strategy of the investigation and medical informatics. Conclusions: The establishment of the interdisciplinariety relationships and their treatment from the activity of the staff attending the subject is still insufficient. The correct application of the learning tasks proposed from the contents of the subject cells, tissues and integumentary system has contributed o development of the interdisciplinariety and favors the formative research skills of the future doctors.

13.
An. bras. dermatol ; 95(1): 20-24, Jan.-Feb. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088726

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Despite the economic burden of psoriasis for patients and societies, scant information exists regarding the impact and burden of the disease in Argentina. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate medical resource consumption and direct health care costs for patients with moderate/severe psoriasis in Buenos Aires, Argentina from the perspective of the payer. Methods: Adults with moderate/severe psoriasis (severity was defined as receiving systemic treatment), during January 2010-January 2014, aged 18 years and older, members of the Italian Hospital Medical Care Program with at least 18 months of follow-up were included. All data on hospitalizations, drug prescription, outpatient episodes, consultations, and investigations/tests in the 12 months before inclusion in the study were considered for the estimation of medical resource consumption and direct health care costs. First-quarter 2018 costs were obtained from the IHMCP and converted into US dollars (using the January 2018 exchange rate). Results: A total of 791 patients were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 34 ± 12 years. Almost 65% of the patients had a dermatologist as their usual source of care, 43% had internists, and 14% had rheumatologists. The average yearly direct cost was US$ 5326 (95% CI: 4125-7896) per patient per year. Study limitation: The single center design and the retrospective nature are the main limitations. Conclusion: This is the first Argentine study that evaluated the costs of moderate/severe psoriasis by taking into consideration the direct medical costs of the disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Psoriasis/economics , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Argentina , Drug Prescriptions/economics , Referral and Consultation/economics , Time Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Hospitalization/economics , Middle Aged
15.
Medisur ; 16(3): 366-375, may.-jun. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-955066

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: el uso del ultrasonido en pediatría favorece el diagnóstico primario de algunas enfermedades. El ultrasonido transfontanelar es el más usado para detectar alteraciones intracraneales.Objetivo: identificar tipo de hallazgo ultrasonográfico en niños con fontanela anterior abierta y factores de riesgo asociados. Métodos: estudio descriptivo realizado en el Hospital Pediátrico de Cienfuegos de enero de 2014 a enero de 2015. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con fontanela anterior abierta e indicación de ultrasonido transfontanelar. Se analizaron: edad del niño, sexo, edad materna, complicaciones del embarazo, tipo de parto, complicaciones al nacimiento, variantes anatómicas intracerebrales y malformaciones intracerebrales. Resultados: se estudiaron 221 pacientes entre uno y 24 meses con una media de cuatro meses; el 59,3 % masculinos; existieron alteraciones ultrasonográficas en el 21,3 % (66 % masculinos). La asimetría ventricular estuvo como variante anatómica más frecuente (6,8 %) seguida de macrocefalia benigna (5,9 %) y cavum septum pellucidum (4,1 %). La principal malformación fue la mega cisterna magna (1,4 %) seguida del quiste del tercer ventrículo (0,9 %) y del quiste subependimario (0, 5 %). El parto distócico y la hipertensión arterial en la madre, la prematuridad y la enfermedad hipóxico isquémica en el niño, fueron los factores de riesgo más observados. Conclusiones: la ultrasonografía cerebral es un método útil, no invasivo y de fácil interpretación para la determinación precoz de entidades nosológicas en el infante, mientras permanece abierta su fontanela anterior. La interacción de factores de riesgo tanto maternos como en el niño incide en la aparición de malformaciones intracerebrales.


Foundation: the use of ultrasound in pediatrics favors the primary diagnosis of some diseases. Trans-fontanel ultrasound is the most used to detect intracranial disturbances. Objective: to identify the type of ultrasound finding in children with open front fontanel and associated risk factors. Methods: decriptive study realized at the Pediatric Hospital of Cienfuegos from January 2014 to January 2015. All patients with open front fontanel and indicated trans-fontanel ultrasound were included. Children´s age and sex were analyzed and mother´s age, pregnancy complications, type of delivery and its complications, anatomic intracerebral variants and malformations as well. Results: 221 patients were studied between 1 and 24 months old with a mean of four months; 59.3% were male; ultrasonography disturbances in 21,3% (66% male). Ventricular Asymmetry was the most frequent anatomic variant. (6.8%) followed by benign macro-cephalic (5.9 %) and cavum septum pellucidum (4,1 %). The main malformation was mega cisterna magna (1,4 %) followed by subependymal cyst (0, 5 %). Dystocic delivery and maternal arterial hypertension, prematurity and hypoxic ischemic disease were the most frequently observed risk factors. Conclusion: brain ultrasonography is a useful, non-invasive method of easy interpretation for the early determination of nosology conditions of children, while the front fontanel is still opened. The interaction of risk factors in the mother so as in the child influence in the appearance of intra-cerebral malformations.

16.
Educ. med. super ; 32(1): 130-140, ene.-mar. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-975063

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la formación de profesionales integrales en la educación superior es uno de los retos que enfrentan los gestores de los procesos de este nivel educacional. La formación basada en competencias constituye uno de los caminos para acercarse al logro de la calidad deseada en los egresados universitarios. Conocer las competencias profesionales específicas a desarrollar en la formación del especialista como médico general integral es muy importante por su relación con la calidad del desempeño profesional y la atención médica que brinda a la población. Objetivos: identificar y definir las competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en Medicina General Integral. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico, mediante métodos teóricos, sistematizándose la obra de varios autores acerca del tema, se determinaron diferentes posiciones en relación a la formación por competencias, el desempeño profesional y los modos de actuación profesional. Resultados: se identifican y definen las competencias profesionales específicas: comunicativa; clínica; epidemiológica; en educación en salud; docente; investigativa y gerencial y los modos de actuación profesional mediante los cuales se expresan en el desempeño profesional. Conclusiones: la formación basada en el desarrollo y adquisición de las competencias profesionales específicas constituye una alternativa para mejorar la calidad de la formación dentro de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral y de la atención médica que se brinda en la atención primaria de salud(AU)


Introduction: The training of integral professionals in higher education is one of the challenges faced by the managers of the processes at this educational level. Training based on competences is one of the ways to approach the achievement of the desired quality in university graduates. Knowing the specific professional competences to be developed in the training of the family medicine specialists is very important because of its relationship with the quality of professional performance and the medical attention they provide to the population. Objective: To identify and define the specific professional competences for the training of family medicine specialists. Methods: A technological development research was carried out, by means of theoretical methods, systematizing the work on the subject by several authors, different positions were determined in relation to competence-based training, professional performance and ways of professional performance. Result: Specific professional competences are identified and defined: communicative, clinical, epidemiological in health education, teaching; investigative and managerial, and the modes of professional action through which they express themselves in professional performance. Conclusions: Training based on the development and acquisition of specific professional skills is an alternative to improve the quality of training within the specialty of family medicine and medical care provided in primary health care(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Professional Competence , Education, Professional , Family Practice
19.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 78(4): 439-444, oct.-dic. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1010994

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El reposo prolongado en cama y la disminución de la actividad física en los adultos mayores representan un factor predisponente al desarrollo o al agravamiento de ciertas condiciones patológicas relacionadas en mayor medida con los sistemas cardiovascular, respiratorio y musculoesquelético, en donde hasta el 33% de los adultos mayores hospitalizados presentarán deterioro funcional en al menos una de las actividades de la vida diaria y se incrementa a acerca del 50% cuando superan los 80 años de edad. Objetivo: Describir los principales efectos del reposo en cama sobre los principales sistemas que pudiesen generar un decline funcional en el adulto mayor hospitalizado. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo y Pedro. Resultados: La información obtenida se organizó de acuerdo a los sistemas corporales principalmente involucrados en el reposo prolongado. Se encontró que la falta de movilidad en adultos mayores provoca un desacondicionamiento físico, además de un agravamiento de la enfermedad que lo llevo a la residencias hospitalarias conllevando a un aumento de los días de hospitalización. Conclusiones: el reposo en cama puede ser minimizado tanto como sea posible y puede ser prescrita una recuperación ambulatoria y actividad física para limitar los efectos de desacondicionamiento del reposo en cama.


Introduction: Prolonged bed rest and decreased physical activity in the elderly represent a predisposing factor to the development or worsening of certain pathological conditions most closely related to the cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal systems. Functional impairment in less than the activities of daily living and increase by about 50% when they are over 80 years of age. Objective: To describe the main effects of bed rest on the main systems that could generate a functional decrease in the elderly hospitalized. Methodology: A bibliographic review was performed in Pubmed, Scielo and Pedro databases. Results: The information obtained was organized according to the body systems mainly involved in prolonged rest. It was found that the lack of mobility in older adults causes a physical deconditioning, in addition to an aggravation of the disease that leads to hospital residences with an increase in the days of hospitalization. Conclusions: bed rest can be minimized as much as possible and may prescribe an outpatient recovery and physical activity to limit the effects of deconditioning of bed rest.

20.
Rev. medica electron ; 39(3): 529-540, may.-jun. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-902191

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La bronquiolitis de tipo viral es la patología respiratoria más común en menores de 1 año, siendo el virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) el principal agente infeccioso involucrado con cerca del 80% de los casos. Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de las diferentes técnicas de fisioterapia respiratoria en la reducción del puntaje en la escala de severidad y la mejora de los parámetros fisiológicos en lactantes con bronquiolitis. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos: PEDro, SciELO y Medline. Fueron incluidos ensayos controlados aleatorios con pacientes diagnosticados con bronquiolitis. Se seleccionaron artículos publicados entre el 1 de enero de 2006 hasta el 29 de septiembre de 2016, tanto en lengua española como inglesa. La selección de estudios se realizó de manera independiente, no cegada por 2 revisores, y se llevó a cabo una clasificación de los estudios mediante la escala PEDro. Resultados: Se encontraron 140 artículos que potencialmente podrían incluirse a este trabajo. Al determinar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, solo se seleccionaron 10 artículos para su análisis. Conclusiones: Existe evidencia moderada a favor del uso de la nebulización hipertónica al 3% en lactantes con bronquiolitis para disminuir la estancia hospitalaria y la puntuación de severidad; evidencia moderada a favor del uso de técnicas de modificaciones de flujo espiratorio en lactantes con bronquiolitis para disminuir la puntuación de severidad y evidencia moderada en contra del uso de las técnicas de percusión y vibraciones para disminuir la estancia hospitalaria y puntuación de la severidad (AU).


Introduction: The bronchiolitis of viral guy is the respiratory pathology more common in under 1 year, being the respiratory syncytial virus (VRS) the main infectious implicated agent with close to 80 % of the cases. Objective: To determine the efficacy of the different Chest physiotherapy in reducing the score on the severity scale and improving the physiological parameters in infants with bronchiolitis. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was carried out in the databases PEDro, Scielo and Medline. We included controlled, randomized trials with patients diagnosed with bronchiolitis. We chose articles published in the period from January 1st 2006 and September 29, 2016, both in Spanish and in English. The studies compilation was performed in an independent way, not blinded by 2 reviewers, and the studies were classified using the PEDro scale. Results: We found 140 articles that potentially might be included in this work. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 10 articles were chosen for the analysis. Conclusions: There is moderate evidence in favor of the use of nebulized 3% hypertonic in infants with bronchiolitis to reduce hospital stay and severity score; moderate evidence in favor of the use of expiratory flow modification techniques in infants with bronchiolitis to decrease the severity score and moderate evidence against the use of percussion and vibrations techniques to decrease hospital stay and severity score (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Bronchiolitis, Viral/therapy , Physical Therapy Modalities/standards , Respiratory Therapy/methods , Respiratory Tract Diseases/rehabilitation , Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Bronchiolitis, Viral/rehabilitation , Bronchiolitis, Viral/epidemiology , Observational Studies as Topic , Infant
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