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1.
European J Med Plants ; 2022 Mar; 33(3): 8-17
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-219474

ABSTRACT

Aims: Propolis is a resinous substance accumulated by bees from resinous plants material, produced by different botanical processes. It has been used since ancient times for its therapeutic benefits. The chemical composition of propolis is mostly influenced by the geographic zone and also by botanic sources that the honey bee has used. In this sense, the aim of this study was to analyse the phytochemical profile and pharmacological activity of a sample of propolis from Ecuador. Methodology: Chemical composition was analyzed by using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by ear edema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate and antinociceptive activity was analyzed by using writhing test induced by acetic acid. Results: The chemical composition showed the presence of sugars, fatty acids, flavonoids and triterpenes in the sample. The analysis of the relative abundance of the detected signals suggested that triterpenes represent 25.38% of the total components of the mixture and 9,19-cyclo-9-beta-lanostane-24-on-3-beta-iloxyl (cycloartenol), the majority compound. Propolis induced a maximun inhibition (77.2 %) in TPA model at a dose of 3 mg/ear, reducing dermal edema, cellular infiltration and ear thickness induced by TPA. Also, it produced a dose-related inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing response with a maximal antinociceptive effect (49.5%) at dose of 500 mg/kg po. Conclusion: The chemical analysis showed a predominant triterpene profile, being cycloartenol the majority compound in the sample and its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities were confirmed by in vivo models.

2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389734

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La presencia de tinnitus se asocia a un incremento del nivel de ansiedad y empeoramiento de la calidad de vida, sin embargo, aún no existe claridad de si el sistema eferente auditivo podría influir en estas relaciones. Objetivo: Determinar si las amplitudes de las emisiones otoacústicas por producto de distorsión (EOAPD) y el efecto supresor del reflejo olivococlear gatillado con ruido contralateral (ROC) se asocian al grado del impacto psicoemocional y nivel de ansiedad en pacientes con tinnitus. Material y Método: Se evaluaron las amplitudes de EOAPD y magnitud del ROC para cada oído de manera independiente en una cohorte de 32 sujetos tinnitus y 26 controles, cuyos valores fueron correlacionados con State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) y Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Resultados: Los pacientes con tinnitus tuvieron una correlación significativa entre la magnitud del ROC del oído izquierdo y los puntajes en las pruebas de STAI y THI. Conclusión: Una mayor carga de ansiedad y peor calidad de vida en sujetos con tinnitus puede estar asociada con un empeoramiento del efecto supresor del ROC de la vía eferente auditiva.


Abstract Introduction: Tinnitus is associated with an increase in the degree of anxiety and with worse quality of life. However, whether there are relations between the function of the auditory efferent system and anxiety and tinnitus distress levels is not known. Aim: To determine possible associations between the distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) amplitudes and the suppressing effect of the olivo-cochlear reflex (OCR) with anxiety and psycho-emotional impact in tinnitus. Material and Method: DPOAE amplitudes and OCR strength were evaluated for each ear independently in a cohort of 32 tinnitus and 26 controls, whose values were correlated with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Results: A significant correlation of STAI and THI scales with the OCR strength measured in the left ear was found in subjects with tinnitus. Conclusion: A higher anxiety load and worse quality of life in subjects with tinnitus may be associated with an impaired olivocochlear reflex suppressing effect.

3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 53(2): e9304, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055489

ABSTRACT

Metabolic syndrome is a multifaceted condition associated with a greater risk of various disorders (e.g., diabetes and heart disease). In a rat model of metabolic syndrome, an acute in vitro application of rosuvastatin causes relaxation of aortic rings. Since the outcome of a subchronic rosuvastatin treatment is unknown, the present study explored its effect on acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation of aortic rings from rats with metabolic syndrome. Animals were submitted to a 16-week treatment, including a standard diet, a cafeteria-style diet (CAF-diet), or a CAF-diet with daily rosuvastatin treatment (10 mg/kg). After confirming the development of metabolic syndrome in rats, aortic segments were extracted from these animals (those treated with rosuvastatin and untreated) and the acetylcholine-induced relaxant effect on the corresponding rings was evaluated. Concentration-response curves were constructed for this effect in the presence/absence of L-NAME, ODQ, KT 5823, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), apamin plus charybdotoxin, glibenclamide, indomethacin, clotrimazole, and cycloheximide pretreatment. Compared to rings from control rats, acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation decreased in rings from animals with metabolic syndrome, and was maintained at a normal level in animals with metabolic syndrome plus rosuvastatin treatment. The effect of rosuvastatin was inhibited by L-NAME, ODQ, KT 5823, TEA, apamin plus charybdotoxin, but unaffected by 4-AP, glibenclamide, indomethacin, clotrimazole, or cycloheximide. In conclusion, the subchronic administration of rosuvastatin to rats with metabolic syndrome improved the acetylcholine-induced relaxant response, involving stimulation of the NO/cGMP/PKG/Ca2+-activated K+ channel pathway.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Aorta/drug effects , Vasodilation/drug effects , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Acetylcholine/pharmacology , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology , Rosuvastatin Calcium/pharmacology , Vasodilator Agents , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Rats, Wistar , Disease Models, Animal
4.
Salud colect ; 16: e2886, 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1139513

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El presente artículo expone un análisis lingüístico e interpretativo sobre el uso de la metáfora conceptual en el campo de la salud mental, tomando como campo de observación el uso de Twitter en la primera edición del Día del Orgullo Loco en España, celebrada el 20 de mayo de 2018. El objetivo es dar cuenta de los posicionamientos expresados por los activistas en primera persona. Los resultados muestran un cuestionamiento a las lógicas coercitivas producidas por la atención psiquiátrica, una problematización del modelo hegemónico en su conjunto, una denuncia a la opresión que implica el estigma, problemas de comunicación y demandas de mayor diálogo con los profesionales del campo de la salud mental. Este análisis nos ha permitido comprender el modo lingüístico de re-semantizar el campo de la salud mental, así como dar cuenta de las tensiones existentes entre las percepciones subjetivas de las personas diagnosticadas y las producciones del modelo médico hegemónico.


ABSTRACT This paper presents a linguistic and interpretative analysis of the use of conceptual metaphors in the field of mental health, taking as a field of observation the use of Twitter in the first edition of Mad Pride Day in Spain, held on May 20, 2018. The objective is to give a first-person account of the attitudes expressed by activists. The results show a questioning of the coercive logics produced by psychiatric care, a problematization of the hegemonic model as a whole, a criticism of the oppression implied by stigma, communication problems with professionals in the field of mental health, as well as demands for greater dialogue with them. This analysis has allowed us to understand linguistic modes of resignifying the field of mental health, and also to account for the tensions between subjective perceptions of the people diagnosed and the productions of the hegemonic medical model.


Subject(s)
Humans , Metaphor , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/therapy , Mental Health , Social Stigma , Linguistics
5.
Enferm. univ ; 16(3): 249-258, jul.-sep. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1090107

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción La utilización del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE) como metodología propia de la disciplina, resuelve los problemas de las competencias de enfermería, permite intervenciones reflexivas para la solución de problemas individuales y atención integral a la persona, mejora la comunicación, delimita el campo profesional en cuanto identifica los fenómenos de interés y fundamenta la investigación; por ello tiene un espacio destacado en la formación del pregrado de enfermería. Objetivos a) Describir la experiencia de los alumnos de la Licenciatura en Enfermería en el aprendizaje y aplicación del PAE durante su formación académica, b) Identificar si el estudiante reconoce al proceso como la metodología propia de la disciplina para otorgar el cuidado. Metodología Estudio con enfoque cualitativo-fenomenológico-descriptivo, los participantes fueron alumnos del tercero al séptimo semestre de un programa de Licenciatura en Enfermería, se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad sobre el saber qué y cómo aprende y aplica el PAE, se realiza análisis de discurso, con codificación y decodificación hasta la construcción de las categorías. Resultados En el análisis emergieron tres categorías: a) Mundos diferentes, con tres subcategorías: darse cuenta, vinculación teoría-práctica e influencia del profesional de enfermería; b) Formación teórica con dos subcategorías: aprendizaje complejo y, salud y enfermedad; c) Ambivalencia en la enseñanza del PAE por el docente con dos subcategorías: heterogeneidad y desavenencia docente, y acompañamiento del profesor. Aquí se aborda la primera categoría. Discusión y conclusión Además de las diferencias entre la teoría y la práctica del PAE, la interacción del estudiante con personal de enfermería no favorece el desarrollo del aprendizaje y aplicación de este.


Abstract Introduction The utilization of the Nursing Process (NP), as a methodology of the discipline which addresses the issues on nursing competences, allows reflexive interventions aimed at solving individual problems and integrally assisting the person, improves the communications, locates the professional scope by identifying the phenomena of interest, and gives a foundation to nursing research. Because of this, the NP constitutes a fundamental part in nursing education. Objectives a) To describe the undergraduate students' experiences regarding learning and using the Nursing Process during their academic formation; and b) To identify if the student acknowledges the process as the discipline's methodology to provide healthcare. Methodology This is a qualitative phenomenological and descriptive study. Participants were students from the third to the seventh semesters of a baccalaureate nursing program. In-depth interviews focused on how to learn and apply the Nursing Process were carried out. A discourse analysis with codification and decodification was developed until categories emerged. Results From the analysis, three categories emerged: a) Different worlds, which included three sub-categories: realizing, linking the theory and practice, and the influence from the nursing professional; b) Theoretical formation, which included two sub-categories: complex learning, and health and illness; c) Ambivalence of the professional while teaching NP, which included two sub-categories: teacher's heterogeneity and incongruity, and teacher's support. Discussion and conclusion In addition to the remarks on the differences between the theory and the practice related to NP, some student-nursing staff interactions do not particularly favor learning and utilizing the Nursing Process.


Resumo Introdução A utilização do Processo de Atenção de Enfermagem (PAE) como metodologia própria da disciplina, resolve os problemas das competências de enfermagem, permite intervenções reflexivas para a solução de problemas individuais e atenção integral à pessoa, melhora a comunicação, delimita o campo profissional entanto identifica os fenómenos de interesse e fundamenta a pesquisa; por isso tem um espaço notável na formação do pre-grau de enfermagem. Objetivos a) Descrever a experiência dos alunos da licenciatura em enfermagem na aprendizagem e aplicação do PAE durante sua formação académica, b) Identificar se o estudante reconhece o processo como a metodologia própria da disciplina para conceder o cuidado. Metodologia Estudo com enfoque qualitativo-fenomenológico-descritivo, os participantes foram alunos do terceiro ao sétimo semestre de um programa de licenciatura em enfermagem, realizaram-se entrevistas a profundidade sobre o saber que e como aprende e aplica o PAE, realiza-se análise de discurso, com codificação e decodificação até a construção das categorias. Resultados Na análise emergiram três categorias: a) Mundos diferentes, com três subcategorias: dar-se conta, vinculação teoria-prática e influência do profissional de enfermagem; b) Formação teórica com duas subcategorias: aprendizagem complexa e, saúde e doença; c) Ambivalência no ensino do PAE pelo docente com duas subcategorias: heterogeneidade e desentendimento docente, e acompanhamento do professor. Aqui aborda-se a primeira categoria. Discussão e conclusão Além das diferenças entre a teoria e a prática do PAE, a interação do estudante com pessoal de enfermagem não favorece o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem e aplicação deste.

6.
Nucleus (La Habana) ; (64): 19-23, July.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002723

ABSTRACT

Abstract Some results obtained with the use of Monte Carlo mathematical simulation of radiation transport in Timepix hybrid detectors based on chromium compensated gallium arsenide are presented in this contribution. The MCNPX, GEANT4, SRIM and MCCM code systems were used for this purpose. The in-depth profiles of the deposited energy by the incident photons within the sensor active volume, the shapes and dimensions of the generated charge carriers clouds for different incident energies and specific geometrical conditions were obtained and presented. The 22Ne ions ranges in the target material for two different energies and the contributions of each energy loss channel were also determined. Finally, for a selected detector irradiated with photons of different energies, the displacement cross sections for each chemical element in the active material, as well as the number of displacements per atoms produced for each atomic species were calculated.


Resumen En este trabajo se presentan algunos de los resultados obtenidos con el uso de la modelación matemática por Monte Carlo del transporte de radiación en detectores híbridos Timepix basados en el arseniuro de galio compensado con cromo. Se emplearon para este propósito los sistemas de códigos MCNPX, GEANT4, SRIM y MCCM. Fueron obtenidos los perfiles en profundidad de la energía depositada por la radiación incidente dentro del volumen activo del sensor, las formas y dimensiones de las nubes de portadores de cargas generados por fotones incidentes de diferentes energías y condiciones geométricas específicas. También se determinaron los alcances de los iones de 22Ne de dos energías diferentes en el material blanco y las contribuciones de cada canal de pérdida de energía. Finalmente, para un detector seleccionado irradiado con fotones de diferentes energías se calcularon las secciones eficaces de desplazamiento para cada elemento químico en el material activo, así como el número de desplazamientos por átomos producidos para cada especie atómica.

7.
Ciudad de México; s.n; 20170431. 94 p.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1343153

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El cuidado de la salud es el objeto de estudio de la disciplina, práctica propia para atender a la persona, familia y comunidad. Mientras el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE) es el método de intervención distintivo de la profesión, el cual aprenden los estudiantes durante su formación, sin embargo, la esencia de este proceso no se manifiesta durante la teoría y el desarrollo de su práctica clínica, esta investigación se enfoca en la experiencia del alumno en el aprendizaje y aplicación del PAE. Objetivos: a) Describir cómo es la experiencia de los alumnos de la Licenciatura en Enfermería en el aprendizaje y aplicación del proceso de atención de enfermería durante su formación académica. b) Identificar si el estudiante reconoce al PAE como la metodología propia de la disciplina para otorgar el cuidado. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo, con enfoque fenomenológico, utilizando entrevista en profundidad y grupo focal, participando previo consentimiento informado alumnos del 3ro al 7mo semestre, de los períodos 2016-2 y 2017-1 de la Licenciatura en Enfermería ENEO-UNAM, el análisis del discurso se realizó por saturación, codificando y descodificando, transcribiendo las entrevistas del lenguaje emic al etic, construyendo 3 categorías. Resultados: La primera: "Mundos diferentes" tuvo tres subcategorías, darse cuenta, vinculación teoría-práctica e influencia del profesional de enfermería. La segunda: "Formación teórica" tuvo dos subcategorías, aprendizaje complejo y, salud y enfermedad. La tercera categoría: Ambivalencia en la enseñanza del PAE por el docente" contó con dos subcategorías, heterogeneidad y desavenencia docente, y acompañamiento del profesor. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería ENEO-UNAM reconocen al PAE como una metodología necesaria para otorgar el cuidado, pero no han logrado construir una intencionalidad hacia esta herramienta de trabajo del cuidado que les permita abordarla de forma natural y razonada, creando un puente entre el ser y hacer de enfermería.


Introduction: Health care is the subject matter of Nursing care that in practice caters to the individual, family and community assistance. Considering that Nursing care process (PAE) is the distinctive method of intervention of this discipline which students learn during their training, however, the essence of this process does not manifest itself during the development of their clinical and theoretical practice. Specifically, the present research focuses on the experience of students along their learning and implementation PAE process. Objectives a) To describe the experience of the Bachelor's Nursing degree students regarding nursing care learning and its implementation process during their academic training. b) To identify if students recognize the PAE as the cornerstone methodology to provide care. Methodology The Descriptive qualitative, phenomenological approach is used to generate interview in depth and focal group. The participants in this research, with prior informed consent, are students from the 3rd to the 7th semester rom the periods 2016-2, and 2017-1 ENEO-UNAM Bachelor's nursing degree. The analysis of the discourse was made by saturation, encoding and decoding, transcribing the emic language interviews to the etic language into three categories. Results The first category called ""Different worlds"" had three subcategories to become aware, bonding and influence of the nursing professional. The second category denominated ""Theoretical training"" had two subcategories: complex learning, health and disease. The third category entitled ""Teacher's ambivalence in the teaching PAE"" had two subcategories, on one hand, heterogeneity and teaching disagreement, and, on the other hand, professor's monitoring. Conclusions The ENEO-UNAM Bachelor's nursing degree students recognize the PAE as an essential methodology to provide care, but have failed to build a purpose to address this work tool of care in such way that allows them to deal with it naturally and satisfactorily by building a bridge to fill the gap between being and doing nursing.


Subject(s)
Humans , Problem-Based Learning , Students, Nursing , Education, Nursing , Mexico , Nursing Care
8.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 58(2): 73-73, 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-972840

ABSTRACT

Introducción El objetivo de este estudio es comparar nuestra experiencia con el uso de oxigenoterapia de alto flujo (OAF) frente a la ventilación no invasiva (NIV) en niños con estatus asmático (EA). Métodos Estudio observacional de una cohorte retrospectiva de 42 niños con EA ingresados en nuestra Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP) con soporte respiratorio no invasivo. El objetivo principal del estudio fue valorar el éxito/fracaso del soporte respiratorio inicial (necesidad o no de escalar a un soporte respiratorio superior). El objetivo secundario fue comparar la duración del soporte respiratorio y del ingreso en la UCIP. Resultados Cuarenta y dos niños cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Veinte (47,6 por ciento) fueron tratados con OAF y 22 (52,3 por ciento) con VNI como soporte respiratorio inicial. No hubo fracaso terapéutico en el grupo VNI, si bien 8 niños (40 por ciento) del grupo OAF fueron cambiados a VNI. La duración de la estancia en la UCIP y en el hospital fue similar en ambos grupos NIV y HFNC. Sin embargo, en el subgrupo de fracaso de OAF, la duración del soporte respiratorio (el triple, 63h) y la estancia en la UCIP fueron mucho mayores en comparación con los sujetos que tuvieron éxito en el tratamiento. Conclusiones Este estudio observacional, con sus evidentes limitaciones, podría sugerir que el uso de HFNC en algunos sujetos con EA puede retrasar el inicio de la VNI y potencialmente causar un soporte respiratorio más prolongado y una mayor estancia en la UCIP.


Subject(s)
Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Noninvasive Ventilation , Child
9.
Enferm. univ ; 13(3): 166-170, jul.-sep. 2016. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-840349

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La insuficiencia venosa periférica es un trastorno que afecta a muchas personas en el mundo, los profesionales de enfermería entre ellas, debido a que las características específicas de sus actividades laborales las favorecen, aunado a estilos de vida poco saludables. En enfermería existen pocos estudios de este tipo, los resultados permitirán conocer cuál es la situación real y buscar estrategias laborales y educativas que favorezcan su prevención o tratamiento. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la insuficiencia venosa periférica en el personal de enfermería de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención, así como identificar las características personales y laborales que pudieran asociarse. Metodología: Estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, realizado a un grupo de enfermeras seleccionadas por muestreo aleatorio simple. Resultados: La prevalencia de la insuficiencia venosa es del 68%, y las características personales encontradas fueron: edad media 39 años, consumo de tabaco y alcohol, sobrepeso u obesidad y embarazos múltiples. En los aspectos laborales, el 91% se mantienen en bipedestación de 6-8 h en el horario laboral, el 79% es sedentario, el 49% usa ropa entallada con frecuencia y el 62% no usa medias compresivas en la jornada laboral, entre otras características. Discusión y conclusiones: Un porcentaje alto de la población estudiada presenta insuficiencia venosa y características personales y laborales que favorecen la prevalencia de la misma. Los resultados concuerdan con otros estudios en que reportan prevalencia por arriba del 50%, así como características personales y laborales similares a las encontradas en este estudio.


Introduction: peripheral venous insufficiency is an ailment which affects many persons in the world, including the nursing professionals who, due to specific working conditions, and in some cases, to a not healthy life-style, are at greatest risk. There are few studies of this kind in nursing; so hopefully, the results will allow better knowing the situation and developing work-and-education-related strategies which can favor the prevention and treatment of this ailment. Objective: To determine the prevalence of peripheral venous insufficiency among the nursing staff in a second level hospital, and identify the personal and labor-related characteristics which could be associated with. Methodology: This is a quantitative, descriptive, and transversal study conducted on a group of nurses who were selected through simple random sampling. Results: The prevalence of peripheral venous insufficiency was 68%. Some of the personal characteristics found were: a mean age of 29 years, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, obesity, overweight, and multiple pregnancies. Concerning the labor aspects, 91% reported being in a standing position between 6 and 8 hours per shift; 79% said they were sedentary; 49% stated they regularly use tight clothing; and 62% reported not wearing compressive stockings during the shift. Discussion and conclusions: A significant percentage of the studied population showed peripheral venous insufficiency as well as characteristics which favor the development of this ailment. The results match those of other studies which reported prevalences of above 50% and personal-and-labor-related characteristics similar to those found here.


Introdução: A insuficiência venosa periférica é um transtorno que afeta a muitas pessoas no mundo, os profissionais de enfermagem por exemplo, devido a que as caraterísticas específicas de suas atividades laborais as favorecem, em conjunto com estilos de vida pouco saudáveis. Existem poucos estudos deste tipo de enfermagem, os resultados permitiram conhecer qual é a situação real e procurar estratégias laborais e educativas que favoreçam sua prevenção o tratamento. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência da insuficiência venosa periférica no pessoal de enfermagem de um hospital de segundo nível de atenção e identificar as caraterísticas pessoais e laborais que conseguiram associar-se. Metodologia: Estudo de tipo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, realizado a um grupo de enfermeiras, selecionadas por amostragem aleatória simples. Resultados: A prevalência da insuficiência venosa é de 68%, as caraterísticas pessoais encontradas foram: idade média 39 anos, consumo de tabaco e álcool, excesso de peso ou obesidade, gestações múltiplas. Nos aspetos laborais o 91% mantem-se em bipedestação de 6 a 8 horas no horário laboral, 79% é sedentária, 49% usa roupa ajustada com frequência e 62% não usa médias compressivas na jornada laboral, entre outras. Discussão e conclusões: Uma porcentagem alta da população estudada apresenta insuficiência venosa e caraterísticas pessoais e laborais que favorecem a prevalência da mesma. Os resultados concordam com outros estudos em que reportam prevalência por arriba do 50%, bem como caraterísticas pessoais e laborais similares às encontradas neste estudo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Venous Insufficiency , Occupational Health , Nursing Staff
10.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 48(6): 537-544, 06/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-748218

ABSTRACT

Amfepramone (diethylpropion) is an appetite-suppressant drug used for the treatment of overweight and obesity. It has been suggested that the systemic and central activity of amfepramone produces cardiovascular effects such as transient ischemic attacks and primary pulmonary hypertension. However, it is not known whether amfepramone produces immediate vascular effects when applied in vitro to rat aortic rings and, if so, what mechanisms may be involved. We analyzed the effect of amfepramone on phenylephrine-precontracted rat aortic rings with or without endothelium and the influence of inhibitors or blockers on this effect. Amfepramone produced a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted rat aortic rings that was not affected by the vehicle, atropine, 4-AP, glibenclamide, indomethacin, clotrimazole, or cycloheximide. The vasorelaxant effect of amfepramone was significantly attenuated by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and tetraethylammonium (TEA), and was blocked by removal of the vascular endothelium. These results suggest that amfepramone had a direct vasorelaxant effect on phenylephrine-precontracted rat aortic rings, and that inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the opening of Ca2+-activated K+ channels were involved in this effect.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Acetylcholine/pharmacology , Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects , Appetite Depressants/pharmacology , Diethylpropion/pharmacology , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology , Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism , Calcium Channels/drug effects , Calcium Channels/metabolism , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/drug effects , Phenylephrine/pharmacology , Potassium Channels/drug effects , Potassium Channels/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Tetraethylammonium/metabolism , Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology , Vasodilation/drug effects
11.
GEN ; 65(2): 117-122, jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664129

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La Enteroscopia Doble Balón (EDB) y la Videocápsula Endoscópica (VCE) se introdujeron en el Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo desde 2007 y 2008, respectivamente. Se analizó y comparó el desempeño de estas pruebas para diagnosticar enfermedades del intestino delgado. Pacientes y Métodos: Se revisaron retrospectivamente los casos sometidos a EDB superior (EDBS), EDB inferior (EDBI) y/o VCE, desde su implementación hasta enero de 2010. Resultados: En 94 casos (55 ♂ y 39 ♀; 10-89 años) se realizaron 155 procedimientos: 52 EDBS, 8 EDBI, 16 VCE y 79 procedimientos combinados. Indicaciones predominantes: Hemorragia de origen oscuro, hemorragia digestiva superior o inferior, anemia, diarrea crónica y sospecha de tumoración intestinal. Visualización completa del tracto entérico: 86,7% (EDBS), 57,7% (EDBI) y 100% (VCE). Biopsias, terapias y/o cromomarcaje: 58,2% (EDBS) y 23,1% (EDBI). Diagnósticos endoscópicos predominantes: Malformaciones vasculares, enteropatías de aspecto parasitario, neoplasias malignas, enteropatías ulcerosas y erosivas. Concordancia indicación/diagnóstico: 74,3% (EDBS), 57,7% (EDBI) y 70% (VCE). Conclusiones: La EDB y la VCE constituyen herramientas eficientes con ventajas particulares para diagnosticar patologías del intestino delgado: La EDB permite realizar procedimientos adicionales; la VCE ofrece mayor probabilidad de visualizar todo el tracto entérico. En casos concretos, combinar estar pruebas podría aumentar su eficiencia diagnóstica y terapéutica.


Introduction: Double Balloon Enteroscopy (DBE) and Endoscopic Viocapsule (EVC) were introduced in the University Hospital of Maracaibo since 2007 and 2008, respectively. Their performance in diagnosing small bowel diseases were analyzed and compared. Patients and Methods: Cases undergoing upper DBE (UDBE), lower DBE (LDBE) and/or CE, were retrospectively reviewed since the introduction of these techniques, until January 2010. Results: In 94 cases (♂: 55; ♀:39; Ages: 10 to 89), 155 diagnostic procedures were performed: 52 UDBE, 8 LDBE, 16 EVC and 79 combined procedures. Predominating indications: obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, upper and/or lower gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia, chronic diarrhea, and suspicion of an intestinal tumor. Full visualization of small bowel: 86.7% (UDBE), 57.7% (DBUE) and 100% (EVC). Biopsies, therapies and/or India ink tattooing: 58.2% (UDBE) and 23.1% (DBLE). Predominant endoscopic diagnoses: vascular malformations, parasitic enteropathies, malign tumor, ulcerative enteropathies and erosive enteropathies. Agreement indication/diagnosis: 74.3% (UDBE), 57.7% (LDBE) and 70% (EVC). Conclusions: DBE and EVC constitute efficient methods with particular advantages for diagnosing small bowel pathologies: DBE allows additional procedures; EVC provides a greater chance of full visualization of small intestine. In specific cases, combination of these tests could improve their diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Capsule Endoscopy , Double-Balloon Enteroscopy/methods , Intestine, Small/anatomy & histology , Intestine, Small/physiopathology , Diagnostic Imaging , Gastroenterology , Microscopy, Video
12.
Rev. medica electron ; 32(5)sept.-oct. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-616130

ABSTRACT

La malformación de Arnold Chiari es una rara enfermedad incapacitante que afecta al 0,5 por ciento de la población, siendo el 80 por ciento mujeres. La hidrocefalia resultante es causada por el exceso de líquido cefalo raquídeo en el sistema ventricular, o por una falta de equilibrio entre la formación y su absorción, lo que da lugar a un progresivo aumento de las cavidades ventriculares. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con malformación de Arnold Chiari tipo I, en la cual hay un descenso anormal en grado variable de la porción inferior del cerebelo, del bulbo y el cuarto ventrículo hacia el conducto raquídeo a través del agujero occipital. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el cuadro clínico y compararlo con la literatura médica revisada, del caso en cuestión...


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Hydrocephalus/etiology , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/surgery , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/complications , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/diagnosis , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/drug therapy , Headache Disorders/diagnosis
13.
GEN ; 62(4): 256-288, dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664372

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) es una enfermedad recurrente relacionada con el flujo retrógrado del contenido gástrico al esófago, con o sin daño tisular a dicho nivel. La Hernia Hiatal (HH) se asocia con ERGE, y se ha relacionado con grados severos de la enfermedad (Esofagitis Erosiva Severa y Esófago de Barrett). Objetivo: Describir la presencia y las alteraciones a nivel de la mucosa esofágica reportadas endoscópicamente en los pacientes que consultan con síntomas de ERGE al servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Vargas. Pacientes y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el cual se evaluaron hallazgos endoscópicos de pacientes que acudieron con síntomas de ERGE a las consultas del servicio de gastroenteologia del Hospital Vargas entre enero-mayo de 2007. Resultados: de 674 pacientes encuestados, 204 pacientes (59 hombres y 145 mujeres)presentaron síntomas de ERGE, a 60 de ellos se les realizó videogastroscopia de manera aleatoria, reportando 23,33% (14 pacientes) con ERGE erosiva, 1,66% (1paciente) con tu submucoso de esófago, 6,66% con esófago Barret y 75% (45 pacientes) sin alteraciones esofágicas. 23 (38,33%) con hernia hiatal, 8 de ellos con esofagitis erosiva. Conclusiones: Nuestro trabajo confirma el valor de la endoscopia digestiva superior en la evaluación de pacientes con síntomas cardinales de ERGE.


Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a recurrent disease related with retrograde progression of gastric contents to the esophagus with or without mucosal damage at this level. Hiatal hernia is associated with GERD and it has been related with severe grades of the disease (severe erosive esophagitis and BarrettÊs esophagus). Aims: to describe the presence of endoscopic features in GERD patientss with cardinals symptoms attended at the Gastroenterology Division of the Vargas Hospital in Caracas. Patients and Methods: this was a descriptive, transversal cohort study in which endoscopic findings in patients with GERD symptoms were evaluated, at the Gastroenterology Service, between January and May 2007. Results: of 674 patients interviewed, 204 patients (59 men and 145 women) presented GERD symptoms; to 60 of them an upper endoscopy randomly was performed. 23,33% (14 patients) had erosive GERD, 1,66% (1 patient) a submucous esophageal tumor, 6,66 % with BarrettÊs esophagus and 75% (45 patients) without esophageal changes, 23 (38,33%) with hiatal hernia, 8 of them with erosive esophagitis. Conclusion: our study supports the importance of performing an upper endoscopy in patients with cardinals symptoms of GERD.

14.
GEN ; 62(3): 182-185, sep. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664353

ABSTRACT

Desde hace dos décadas esta descrita la utilidad de las prótesis endoscópicas, en patología biliopancreática. Objetivo: Mostrar la experiencia del Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Vargas de Caracas en la colocación de prótesis endoscópicas en la patología biliopancreática, describiendo características demográficas, patologías más frecuentes, tasa de éxito en su colocación y complicaciones. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se revisaron datos de los informes de CPRE de pacientes hospitalizados y ambulatorios evaluados en la institución desde enero 1998 hasta abril 2007. Resultados: Se incluyeron 248 procedimientos de 110 mujeres y 73 hombres, 242 correspondieron a colocación de prótesis biliares (234 de teflón o plástico y 8 autoexpansibles metálicas) y 6 prótesis pancreáticas. Las indicaciones mas frecuentes para la colocación de prótesis fueron: patologías neoplásicas (47%), lesiones de la vía biliar post-quirúrgicas o traumáticas (22%) y litiasis biliar (17%). El éxito de la colocación de la prótesis fue del 99,1%. Se reportaron complicaciones en 4% de los procedimientos, con mayor frecuencia la colangitis (2%) y una mortalidad del 0%. Conclusión: La colocación de prótesis endoscópicas en patologías biliopancreáticas es un procedimiento seguro, con un bajo porcentaje de complicaciones y mortalidad.


The utility of the endoscopic stent have been described for two decades in the biliopancreatic diseases. Aims: To show the Gastroenterology Division of the Hospital Vargas de Caracas experience in placing endoscopic stents in biliopancreatic diseases, describing demographic characteristics more frequent diseases, success rates and complications. Patients and Methods: descriptive and retrospective trial. Features of the reports of PEPR of hospitalized and ambulatory patients seen in the institution from January 1998 to april 2007 were reviewed. Results: 248 procedures from 110 women and 73 men were included, 242 had a biliar stent (234 of Teflon or plastic and 8 metallic selfexpanded) and 6 had pancreatic stents. The more frequent indications for placing the stents were: Tumoral disease, (47%), traumatic or post-surgical lesions of the biliary tract (22%) and biliary stones (17%). The success rate of the placing of stents was 99.1%. The procedureÊs complication rate reported was 4%, being colangitis the most frequent with 2% and a 0% mortality. Conclusion: the placing of endoscopic stents in biliopancreatic diseases is a safe procedure, with a low rate of complications and mortality.

15.
GEN ; 62(2): 109-113, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664333

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) es uno de los trastornos gastrointestinales con mayor prevalencia; afecta del 10 a 15% de la población general constituyendo una causa frecuente de consulta. Sin embargo, existen pocos reportes acerca de la prevalencia de ERGE en la población general. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de ERGE en la población general adulta del área metropolitana de Caracas y estudiar algunos factores asociados a esta enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, realizado en la población general adulta del área metropolitana de Caracas en abril de 2007. Se utilizó una encuesta basada en criterios clínicos epidemiológicos de acuerdo a consensos latinoamericanos y europeos sobre la ERGE. Para el análisis de los resultados se calcularon promedios, medianas y porcentajes. Resultados: De 389 sujetos encuestados, 223 fueron mujeres (57,3%) y 166 hombres (42,7%). El promedio de edad fue 33,89 años. La prevalencia de síntomas cardinales en la ERGE fue 19,02%. En los sujetos con ERGE encontramos que 47,3% ingerían licor al menos un vez al mes, y 21,6% referían hábitos tabáquicos. Conclusión: Se determinó que la prevalencia de la ERGE en la población general adulta del área Metropolitana de Caracas fue de 19,02% encontrándose asociación con el hábito alcohólico.


Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the gastrointestinals problems with higher prevalence; it affects 10 to 15% of the general population being a frequent cause of medical visit. Nevertheless, there is low number of reports about GERD prevalence. Objectives: to determine GERD prevalence in adult population of the Caracas Metropolitan Area and study some related factors to this disease. Materials and methods: Study of transversal cut, made in adult population in Caracas Metropolitan Area in April 2007. A poll based in clinical and epidemiological criteria in accordance with a Latin- American and European consensus about GERD was used. To analize the results averages, medians and percentages were calculated. Results: of 389 subjects surveyed, 223 were women (57,3%) and 166 were men (42,7%). The mean age of the patients was 33 years old. The cardinals symptoms prevalence was 19,02%. In subjects with GERD we found that 47,3% drank alcohol at least once a week, and 21,6% were smokers. In Conclusion, we found that GERD prevalence in adult population of the Caracas Metropolitan Area was 19, 02% finding a relationship with alcoholic habit.

16.
GEN ; 61(2): 100-104, jun. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664260

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La cápsula endoscópica (CE) y la enteroscopia de doble balón (EDB) fueron introducidas como nuevas modalidades endoscópicas para el estudio del intestino delgado. Objetivo: comparar el rendimiento diagnóstico de estos dos métodos en la evaluación de pacientes con patología del intestino delgado. Pacientes y métodos: estudio descriptivo de una muestra de 97 pacientes de ambos géneros mayores de 12 años, que acudieron al Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Vargas de Caracas y Policlínica Metropolitana entre diciembre 2004 y mayo 2006, con indicación médica para evaluación del intestino delgado por cápsula endoscópica y/o enteroscopia doble balón. Resultados: a 30 pacientes se les realizó CE (12 mujeres, 18 hombres) edad promedio 58,95 años. Se encontraron hallazgos positivos en 72,41%. A 67 pacientes (36 mujeres, 31 hombres) se les realizó enteroscopia doble balón, edad promedio de 52,9 años. Hubo hallazgos positivos en 62,68%. Hubo 3 complicaciones menores (4,4%) tratadas médicamente. Conclusión: el rendimiento diagnóstico de la CE y EDB fue similar para detectar lesiones del intestino delgado. EDB permite realizar toma de biopsias y procedimientos terapéuticos.


Introduction: Endoscopic Capsule (EC) and Double Balloon Enteroscopy (DBE), are new endoscopic modalities for the study of the small bowel. Objective: To compare the diagnostic yield of these two methods in the evaluation of patients with pathology of the small bowel. Patients and methods: Comparative study of a sample of 97 patients of both genders that attended the Hospital Vargas de Caracas and Metropolitan Policlinic, between December 2004-May 2006, with clinical indication for evaluation of the small bowel by EC and/or DBE. Results: EC was performed to 30 patients (12 women, 18 men) age average 58,95 years, with findings in 72,41%: DBE was performed to 67 patients (36 women, 31 men), age average 52,9 years. Positive findings: 62,68%. There were 3 complications (4,4%).Conclusion: The diagnostic yield of EC y DBE was similar to detect lesions of the small bowel. With DBE is possible to take biopsy samples and perform therapeutic procedures.

17.
Rev. biol. trop ; 53(supl.3): 329-336, dic. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-454833

ABSTRACT

Fertilized eggs from an spontaneously spawn of thirty sexually mature sea urchins (Arbacia punctulata) were incubated to complete embryonic development. The echinopluteus larvae (3 ind/ml) were distributed into 50 plastic containers (25 containers at 30 psu and 25 containers at 40 psu) and fed on Tetraselmis chuii, Nannochloropsis oculata, Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros gracilis and C. calcitrans under a natural photoperiod. The water of the containers was partially renewed (75%) everyday. Larval anatomic development aspects, daily survival and growth were determined. The growth was determined through postoral arms and body length measurement, and body diameter of twelve larvae during metamorphosis. During the planktonic larval phase, only the I. galbana diet produced similar results for both salinities. The relative growth of larvae was isometric (I) for larvae fed on I. galbana at two salinities and positive allometric for those fed on C. gracilis and C. calcitrans at both salinities. In this study A. punctulata started metamorphosis at day 14 and was completed 30 days after fecundation. Significant differences were detected in post-settlement body growth between the two salinities (F = 23.58, p < 0.05): growth was better for larvae at 30 psu (final body diameter was 3.14 +/- 0.44 mm). The final rate of planktonic larvae was highest with I. galbana (58.33%). For juveniles the rate was 6.48% for those fed on C. gracilis (40 psu in both larvae and juveniles). We recommend the use of this diet and 40 psu for survival or 30 psu for growth.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Animal Feed , Eukaryota , Ovum/drug effects , Sea Urchins/growth & development , Sodium Chloride/pharmacology , Aquaculture , Cells, Cultured , Larva/drug effects , Larva/growth & development , Ovum/growth & development , Survival Rate
19.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 130(12): 1391-1398, dic. 2002.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-356133

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Multiauthorship and unjustified authorship have been documented in journals with wide international circulation but this has not been thoroughly studied in journals from developing countries. Revista Médica de Chile is published in Spanish and it contains about 40 per cent of the clinical and biomedical manuscripts generated by Chilean authors. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate temporal trends in the number of authors per article in Rev Med Chile and authors' compliance with the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria of authorship (updated 2001). DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of the number of authors per article between 1969 and 2000; and a prospective survey applying a contribution checklist to authors of manuscripts published in the year 2000. Justified authorship was assigned to whom self-declared contributions to: 1) conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) drafting the article, or critically reviewed it; and 3) approved the final version. Partial authorship to whom lacked one of those 3 criteria. Unjustified authorship was assigned to whom participated only in data collection, or in diagnostic/therapeutic procedures, or in the statistical analysis, or in combinations lacking the main descriptors required for justified authorship. RESULTS: The number of authors in research articles increased in the last decade: From 3.9 +/- 1.6 (mean +/- SD) in 1969 and 4.9 +/- 2.0 in 1989 to 5.7 +/- 2.5* in 1994, 5.2 +/- 2.6* in 1999 and 5.4 +/- 2.2* in 2000 (*p < 0.05 compared to previous years). In contrast, it remained stable in case reports (4.1 +/- 1.9) and in reviews, public health or medical education articles (3.3 +/- 1.8). Among 921 authors surveyed (90 per cent of authors in the year 2000), 51.2 per cent qualified for justified authorship, 42.3 per cent for partial authorship and only 6.4 per cent for unjustified authorship. CONCLUSIONS: In a medical journal from a developing country, multiauthorship has increased mildly in research articles. Most participants complied fully or partially with the ICMJE criteria of authorship. Creditable authorship can be improved by continuous education and a critical attitude by the authors, readers, reviewers and editors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Authorship , Bibliometrics , Periodical/statistics & numerical data , Chile , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Biomedical Research , Periodical/standards , Periodical/trends
20.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 30(1): 47-50, mar. 2002. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-325795

ABSTRACT

Los tumores laríngeos de origen cartilaginoso, son en extremo infrecuentes dentro de la patología tumoral laríngea. La literatura a nivel mundial nos muestra los primeros informes en los inicios del siglo veinte, con un predominio inicial de los condromas. En la actualidad la situación es completamente a la inversa, encontrándose principalmente diagnósticos de condrosarcoma con una mínima incidencia de los condromas. Corrientemente, y aunque su presentación es de larga evolución y su agresividad es escasa, son diagnosticados en fases avanzadas. Por tal motivo nos vemos obligados a realizar resecciones amplias que ocasionan gran discapacidad y deterioro de la calidad de vida del paciente. Además de esto por su gran capacidad para producir recurrencias pueden llevar a nuevas y más grandes intervenciones que ocasionan aumentos indeseables de la morbilidad y mortalidad. Presentamos dos casos y revisamos la literatura mundial con el ánimo de reforzar el conocimiento de este tipo de tumores y de este modo ofrecer mejores alternativas a nuestros pacientes


Subject(s)
Chondroma , Chondrosarcoma , Laryngeal Neoplasms
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