Alhagi maurorum aqueous extract protects against norfloxacin-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in rats / 中草药·英文版

Objectives: While the protective effects of Alhagi maurorum have been shown against various ailments, its role against norfloxacin-induced adverse effects has not been studied. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of A. maurorum aqueous extract against norfloxacin-induced side effects in rats. Methods: Twenty-four male albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups, which received normal saline, norfloxacin (50 mg/kg b.wt orally once a day), A. maurorum aqueous extract (300 mg/kg b.wt orally once a day), and norfloxacin with A. maurorum aqueous extract by the same previous mentioned dosages. Blood samples were collected for hematological examination to evaluate liver and kidney function tests. Hepatic and renal tissue samples were obtained to assess antioxidant activity and histopathological examination. Results: A. maurorum aqueous extract significantly ameliorated norfloxacin-induced elevation in tissue malondialdehyde, and reduction in tissue antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities as well as reduced glutathione concentration. Concurrent administration of A. maurorum aqueous extract with norfloxacin significantly reduced serum alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases, urea, creatinine, and uric acid and increased RBCs count, Hb concentration, PCV, leucocyte, and monocyte counts compared with the norfloxacin-treated group. Co-administration of A. maurorum aqueous extract with norfloxacin prevented the degenerative changes induced by norfloxacin alone in liver and kidney tissues. The phytochemical profile of the extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, and flavonoids. Conclusion: These findings indicated that A. maurorum possesses potent antioxidant activities and could be used to attenuate norfloxacin-induced side effects.

Protective effect of combined melatonin and alpha-tocopherol administration in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat / Efecto protector de la administración combinada de melatonina y alfa-tocoferol en la lesión por isquemia-reperfusión de la médula espinal en ratas

Oxidative stress and inflammation are the key players in the development of motor dysfunction post-spinal cord ischemic reperfusion injury (SC-IRI). This study investigated the protective effect of concomitant pre-administration of melatonin and alpha-tocopherol on the early complications (after 48 hours) of spinal cord IRI injury in rats. Melatonin or α-tocopherol were preadministered either individually or in combination for 2 weeks, then rats were exposed SC-IRI. Neurological examinations of the hind limbs and various biochemical markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the SC tissue were assessed. Solely pre-administration of either melanin or α-tocopherol significantly but partially improved motor and sensory function of the hind limbs mediated by partial decreases in SC levels of MDA, AOPP and PGE2 levels and activities of SOD, partial significant decreases in plasma levels of total nitrate/nitrite and significant increases in AC activity of GSH-Px. However, combination therapy of both drugs resulted in the maximum improvements in all neurological assessments tested and biochemical endpoints. In conclusion, by their synergistic antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions, the combination therapy of melatonin and α-tocopherol alleviates SC-IRI induced paraplegia.

El estrés oxidativo y la inflamación son claves en el desarrollo de la disfunción motora posterior a lesión isquémica de la médula espinal (SC-IRI). Este estudio investigó acerca del efecto protector de la administración previa concomitante de la melatonina y alfa-tocoferol en las complicaciones tempranas (después de 48 horas) de la lesión de IRI de la médula espinal en ratas. La melatonina o el α-tocoferol se administraron individualmente o en combinación durante 2 semanas, luego las ratas fueron expuestas a SC-IRI. Se evaluaron los exámenes neurológicos de las miembros pélvicos y diversos marcadores bioquímicos de estrés oxidativo e inflamación en el tejido subcutáneo. Solo la administración previa de melatonina o α-tocoferol mejoró parcial y significativamente la función motora y sensorial de los miembros pélvicos mediadas por disminuciones parciales en los niveles de SC de los niveles de MDA, AOPP y PGE2 y las actividades de la SOD, disminuciones significativas parciales en los niveles plasmáticos del total nitrato / nitrito y aumentos significativos en la actividad de AC de GSH-Px. Sin embargo, se observaron los mejores resultados durante la combinación de ambos fármacos en todas las evaluaciones neurológicas y en los puntos finales bioquímicos. En conclusión, debido a sus acciones antioxidantes y antiinflamatorias sinérgicas, la terapia de melatonina y α-tocoferol alivia la paraplejía inducida por SC-IRI.

Comparative study between Alvarado score and appendicitis inflammatory response score in diagnosis of acute appendicitis

Background: The appendix is a worm like extension of caecum and for this reason has been called "vermiform appendix". Appendicitis may occur due to several reasons, such as an infection of the appendix, but the most important is the obstruction of appendiceal lumen. Acute appendicitis has remained the most common acute surgical condition of the abdomen in all ages and of course, a common disease in surgical practice. The usual picture of appendicitis is often not classical, leaving in many cases a diagnostic problem. In patients with questionable findings, the aggressive surgical approach has been "when in doubt, take it out, "and the price paid is the frequent removal of normal appendix

Aim of the Work: The aim of the work is to evaluate the appendicitis inflammatory response [AIR] score and compare its performance in predicting the risk of appendicitis to the Alvarado score

Patients and Methods: In this randomized prospective study, 100 patients with acute pain in right lower quadrant of abdomen were admitted to the surgical department of Al-Hussain University Hospital in the period from June 2017 to October 2017. All the patients had indications for appendectomy. The present study was carried out among patients suffering from acute pain in right lower quadrant of abdomen

Results: This randomized prospective study comprised 100 patients, of whom 52 were females [52%] and 48 were males [48%]. Their ages ranged from 16 to 42 years old with a mean age of 21 years. These 100 patients were presented with acute pain in right lower quadrant of abdomen. All female cases proved to be pregnant were excluded from the study. Recurrent sub-acute appendicitis were also excluded from the study. Patients with known abdominal malignancies or previous abdominal surgery were also excluded from the study

Conclusion: This prospective study comprised 100 patients with acute right iliac fossa pain for evaluation and comparing between Alvarado score and AIR score in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The present study showed that the AIR score has a good statistical discrimination for patients with acute appendicitis and outperforms the Alvarado score

Polypropylene Mesh for Recurrent Incisional Hernia: Different Operative Techniques.

Aims: To locate the plane of mesh insertion whether it is onlay, inlay, sublay, or underlay. Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: Done at Bani suef hospital between May 2011 till May 2012 with follow till May 2014. Methodology: Twenty two patients, six were males sixteen were females with recurrent incisional hernias were included in the study with a mean age ± SD of 44 years ± 11.87, there were 14 patients presented after the first recurrence (Groups 1, 2), 7 patients after the second recurrence (Groups 3, 4) and only one for the third recurrence. There were no significant difference between patients presented by 1st and 2nd recurrence concerning the age, sex and level of hernia. To all patients a polypropylene mesh was applied, 12 onlay, 2 inlay, 5 sublay and 3 underlay. Results: There were two serosal lesions and only one perforation. There were 4(18%) patients with seroma, 1 (4.5%) with haematoma, 4 (18%) with infection, 3 (13.6%) with DVT, 1 (4.5%) with non fatal PE, and 1 (4.5%) respiratory failure. The highest incidence of complications were in the onlay repair, the lowest in the underlay repair. The patients were followed for two year, there were 6 recurrence (27.2%), most of them were in the onlay repair with the highest incidence in the inlay repair. The incidence of recurrence in the onlay to inlay was statistically non significant (P<0.5), the onlay to the sublay was significant (P<0.05) and the onlay to the underlay was highly significant (P<0.02). Conclusion: It is to be concluded that when a patient with recurrent incisional hernia is in need for repair, it is better to avoid inlay technique, not to do the underlay and the onlay techniques, and recommended to do the sublay approach.

Prognostic Value of Leptin Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Egypt.

Aim: The work wasto study polymorphisms in the LEP gene in type 2 diabetics in Minia, Egypt and determined the relationship between the leptin and c-peptide levels in different genotypes and insulin resistance in obese patients. The study also has evaluated the role of leptin gene polymorphism in prediction of diabetes mellitus prognosis and its prevention. Study Design: Investigative. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were analyzed at Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine- Minia University, Egypt, between August 2012 and April 2014. Methodology: This study was performed in 80 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (54 men and 26 women) and 15 normal controls (12 men and 3 women). In our thesis we measured HbAc, fasting blood glucose, leptin hormone and c-peptide. DNA extracted and the human leptin gene (for product 242 bp) was amplified by PCR, Restriction analysis of the PCR products was performed with restriction enzyme HhaI and genotyped at the restriction site located -2549 bp from the transcription initiation site of leptin gene. Presence of allele (C at -2549 bp) and absence of allele (A at the same position) were identified through the GCGC sequence. Results: Our study showed C-2549 A variant is associated with the fasting leptin levels, the results which are in agreement with previous studies. The polymorphism in leptin gene has an effect on the level of plasma leptin in different genotypes, and individuals with AA genotype have the lower plasma levels of leptin and also c-peptide than AC and CC variants. Conclusion: Our study reveals that both diabetic patients and their non-diabetic relatives have different basal leptin and c-peptide specific to different leptin genotypes. This suggests that the association between leptin and insulin in members of diabetic families may be controlled by inheritance.

Role guided intraperitoneal port-a-cath insertion in the managment of cancer ovary of fluoroscopic

The use of intraperitoneal [IP] chemotherapy as a treatment for ovarian cancer has been demonstrated to result in improved survival. The aim of this work is to evaluate the applicability and efficacy of fluoroscopic placed intraperitoneal port-A-cath and to assess the response rate to intraperitoneal chemotherapy in cases of ovarian carcinoma. The studied group included, 22 female patients with malignant ovarian cancer whom referred from gynecological surgery and gynecological oncology units to the Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit, Ain Shams University Hospitals, for peritoneal port-A-cath application. All the patients were known cases of either primary or recurrent ovarian cancer, underwent cytoreductive surgery and referred to us. Intraperitoneal port-A-cath with the aid of fluoroscopy showed highest technical success [91.9%] and lowest complication rate on the long run compared to other methods of peritoneal access. Patients with cancer ovary showed significant improvement of the disease process denoted by changes in the degree of ascites, peritoneal nodules and tumor marker level after receiving combined IV/ IP chemotherapy. Port catheters proved to be the most safe method of long term access to the peritoneal cavity with the lowest complication rate compared to other methods of access to the peritoneal cavity

One-stage treatment of neglected congenital dislocation of the hip

One-stage operative procedure for neglected congenital dislocation of the hip in 16 children [18 hips] was evaluated in this study. Nine patients had dislocation of the left hip, five had dislocation of the right and two had bilateral dislocation. None of the patients had a previous treatment of the dislocation. The average duration of follow up was 2 years and 11 months. Open reduction with shortening and derotation of the femur was done for all hips. In nine hips, varus angulation, for excessive valgus, was added to the osteotomy. Salter innominate osteotomy was performed in ten hips. According to Severin's system for radiographic evaluation, 14 hips had excellent or good results. The range of motion was assessed using the rating system of Ferguson and Howorth. Ten hips were excellent, five were good, two were fair and one was poor. Avascular necrosis was developed in one hip which gave a fair clinical result. A limb- length discrepancy of more than 1 cm [2.2 cm] occurred in one patient at the latest follow up. In one hip, instability, which led to subluxation, developed postoperatively which needed operative revision and the capsulorrhaphy was tightened

Management of relapsed clubfeet by soft tissue distraction using the ilizarov method

Nineteen feet with relapsed clubfeet in 14 patients were treated by soft tissue distraction using the Ilizarov method. There were nine unilateral and five bilateral deformities in ten boys and four girls. They had an average of three [range of 2-5] previous surgical interventions; all were in the form of soft tissue release. The average time taken for the correction of the deformity till frame removal was 10.5 weeks [range of 9-12 weeks] and the average follow up period was 2.4 years [range of 1-4 years]. Twelve feet were graded as excellent, 5 as good and 2 as fair results. The frame was well tolerated by all children and their parents until a full correction of the deformity occurred

Mobile - bearing knee arthroplasty: clinical results

Twenty three primary cemented mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasties were implanted in nineteen patients. All implants were of a posterior cruciate-retaining design and allow translation of the polyethylene in the anteroposterior plane and its rotation about the longitudinal axis of the limb. Fifteen patients [17 knees] had osteoarthritis and four patients [6 knees] had rheumatoid arthritis. The average follow-up was 30 months. Preoperatively, the average flexion contracture was 11.5° [range, 0°-25°] and the range of motion 100° [range, 50°-130°] At final follow-up, no knee had a flexion contracture. The average postoperative range of motion was 120° [range, 80°-140°]. Preoperatively the average knee score was 38 points, the average function score was 42 points and the average pain score was 16 points according to the scoring system of the Knee Society. At the time of most recent follow-up, the average knee score was 90 points, the average function score was 82 points and the average pain score was 43 points. Nineteen knees [82.6%] in this study had no evidence of radiolucent lines around any component. Superficial infection was detected in one knee. Patellar dislocation occurred in two knees [3-4 weeks postoperatively] which needed lateral retinacular release

Effect of interferon alpha on the islet tissue of langerhans in the pancreas of albino rat [light and electron microscopic study]

Thirty adult male albino rats were used throughout the work. The animals were divided into three groups: the first group was used as control, the second group was injected with 0.5 ml of interferon solution subcutaneously three times weekly for six months, while the third group was left for one month after injections with interferon for recovery. Six months post injection, the islet tissue shows selective damage and disappearance of epithelial cells of the peripheral ducts in majority of animals. These ducts were lined only by basement membrane, few mother cells of A-cells were only found. The process of proliferation either sprouting or mitosis stopped completely. The islet tissue in the majority of animals degenerated completely with heavy lymphocytic infiltration while others appeared partly healthy. One month post last interferon injection, the islet recovered and returned to normal morphology. The rise of glucose in the treated animals at the time of sacrifice, after 6 months, was not significant and was not considered diabetic

Effect of Zinc on diabetes mellitus and lipid profile in rat

Ninety-six male albino rats were utilized in this study. They were divided into two main groups; non-diabetic group and diabetic group. The first group was divided into two equal subgroups, one of them was given distilled water and considered as a control group, while the other was given zinc sulphate orally throughout the study period. The other group was divided into equal four subgroups, all of them were diabetics. The first subgroup was served as a diabetic control group. The second subgroup was given zinc sulphate orally. The third subgroup was treated with subcutaneous insulin daily. The last one was treated by both zinc and insulin simultaneously. Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate solution. All rats, in the previously mentioned groups, were fasted for 12 hours before taking blood samples for performance of oral glucose tolerance test, calculation of KG value and estimation of lipid profile. Induction of diabetes mellitus by alloxan was associated with significant increase in fasting scrum glucose and significant decrease in the KG value when compared with the corresponding values in non-diabetic control group. Also, alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats produced significant increase in fasting serum cholesterol, fasting serum triglycerides, fasting serum LDL and significant decrease in fasting serum HDL when compared with the corresponding values in non-diabetic control group. The ratio of HDL to total cholesterol significantly decreased when compared with the corresponding value in non-diabetic control group

Modification of plating in fractures of proximal shaft femur in adolescents

17 patients with fracture upper third femur in adolescents treated surgically by cloverleaf plate in King Fahad Hospital madina and Ain Shams University Hospitals between 1992 and 1995. Their age was 12.3 to 17.8 years old, mean age was 15.4, 11 patients were males while 6 patients were females. The patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation by cloverleaf plate. The wings of the plate bent to hold the proximal fragment and the greater trochanter. Ten patients were operated within 6 hours while the rest operated upon within 5 to 11 days after trauma. The follow up range between 9 to 14 months, average 12.5 months. Healing takes 12 weeks average, ranges between 9 to 18 weeks. Final follow up, all patients united with full range of motion at the hip and knee, with only one patient with leg discrepancies above 1 cm [1.8 cm]. One patient suffer from superficial wound infection that resolved after I.V. antibiotics