ABSTRACT
Background: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog [GnRHa] therapy is used in central precocious puberty [CPP] worldwide and it is the treatment of choice for this condition
Many of the previous studies concerning the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog [GnRHa] therapy on height. Much less attention has been paid to changes in body weight. However, concerns have been expressed that CPP may be associated with increased body mass index [BMI] both at initial presentation and during GnRH agonist treatment, but it is controversial in some studies
Methods: We have retrospectively reviewed 52 female patients that the majority of them had CPP. We assessed height, height SDS, weight, weight SDS, BMI and BMI SDS. All patients were treated with GnRHa over 12 months. The variables were evalu-ated at 0, 6 and 12 months after initiation of treatment. 8 girls received growth hormone concomitantly. Also bone age and sexual maturity were measured. Bone age was assessed according to the Greulich-Pyle method and sexual maturation was classified according to the Marshall-Tanner method
Results: Before the initiation of therapy, the girls had a mean BMI SD score for chronological age of 0.80+/- 1.18 after 6 months of therapy BMI SDS was 0.82+/- 1.15 and after 12 months was 0.82+/-1.28 the P value is 0.909 and it is not The P= 0.66 and it is not statistically significant. Eight girls received growth hormone statistically significant. Height SD score for chronological age was 0.41+/- 1.65 before the initiation of therapy and was 0.4+/-1.65 after 6 months and 0.43+/- 1.60 after 12 months of therapy
concomitantly, in this group increasing height SDS is statistically significant P= 0.044 but increasing BMI SDS is not significant
Conclusion: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog [GnRHa] therapy in central precocious puberty [CPP] is safe for BMI and increasing of BMI is not significant, long- term follow-up study is required to elucidate whether GnRHa treatment affects adult obesity. Using growth hormone concomitantly, the effect on increasing height is significant
ABSTRACT
Snoring can occur alone or it may be the presenting feature of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and other common chronic conditions. In our study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of snoring in adolescent students in Tehran, Iran. A cross-sectional study was designed and students were selected from 20 secondary and high schools, in 5 different zones in Tehran in order to have a representative sample of the adolescent population. A total of 2900 students [1200 male and 1700 female students] 11-17 year-old who were attending secondary and high schools were investigated. Information was collected via a structured face-to-face interview, based on a questionnaire. In addition to snoring, nocturnal cough, asthma-related symptoms, and daytime symptoms were also questioned. BMI was measured by two trained physicians. The prevalence of snoring was 7.9% [4.8% in girls and 12.4% in boys]. The prevalence of snoring was significantly higher among males [P< 0.05]. Snoring was positively associated with asthma and nocturnal cough. Overweight/obese adolescents had significantly higher rates of snoring and asthma symptoms. Prevalence of daytime symptoms increased significantly in the snoring group. These results suggest that snoring is associated with multiple factors in adolescents. We conclude that the prevalence of snoring is relatively high in children of this region. This highlights the need for awareness among physicians about the problem of sleep-disordered breathing, especially in children with asthma and obesity, and also the need for further studies to measure the prevalence of sleep breathing disorders among Iranians