Correlation Between Salivary Alpha-Amylase Level and Heart Rate Variability in Pediatric Subjects with Sleep-Disordered Breathing

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and heart rate variability (HRV) indices in SDB children based on objective parameters of polysomnography (PSG). MATERIALS AND METHOD: This prospective study enrolled 67 children who underwent a physical examination and full-attended in-lab PSG with continuous electrocardiographic signal. The sAA were measured at night before PSG and in the early morning after PSG. RESULTS: The subjects were divided into control [n=26, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)≤1] and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS, n=41, AHI>1) groups; the OSAS group was subdivided into mild (1

Ventricular Tachycardia due to Submucosal Epinephrine Injection during Septoplasty / 대한이비인후과학회지

Local infiltration of dilute solutions of epinephrine is widely used for the purpose of hemostasis during septal surgery. However, infiltrated epinephrine often make several side effects such as palpitation, hypertension, or arrhythmia. Also, it may be possible to experience the catastrophic events such as intracranial hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, and cardiac arrest when we use overdose of epinephrine. We experienced ventricular tachycardia in a 36-year-old male with no significant medical history, after submucosal infiltration of epinephrine with appropriate dose during septoplasty. Intraoperative cardiopulmonary resuscitation by external chest compression and direct current cardioversion was successful. We thoroughly evaluated the patient and proved the diagnosis of variant angina pectoris using coronary angiography.

A Case of Fibro-Osseous Hamartoma Originated from Nasal Cavity / 대한이비인후과학회지

Hamartoma occurs in all areas of the body, especially in the liver, spleen, kidney and lung. However, it was rarely reported in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, or nasopharynx. The histopathological and clinical differential diagnosis of fibro-osseous hamartoma of the sinonasal tract includes ossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia and osteoma. We present the case of a 57-year-old man with nasal obstruction in right side, which was treated with complete resection by endoscopic approach. A combination of clinical, radiographic and histological information permitted a diagnosis of a benign fibro-osseous hamartoma in this case.

Expression of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule and Polysialic Acid in Cultured Spiral Ganglion Neurons / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and polysialic acid (PSA) function basically in cell adhesion and migration. In neural development, they are closely associated with axon pathfinding, synaptogenesis, neural cell migration, differentiation and myelination. The purpose of this study is to assess expression of NCAM and PSA expression in spiral ganglion neurons and Schwann cells and to postulate their functions. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Guinea pig spiral ganglion cells were harvested and cultured in vitro. The cells were grown and differentiated in culture medium together with brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). After 1 week of culturing, the cells were fixed and immunocytochemical staining with beta-III tubulin, S-100, polysialic acid (PSA) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) were performed. We then checked axon growth rate with Axon Analyzer System(R). RESULTS: In the spiral ganglion culture, cultured neurons showed positive staining for beta-III tubulin, NCAM, and different expressions of PSA. S-100 positive glial cells (Schwann cells) showed different expressions of NCAM and no expression of PSA. Some NCAM positive neurons and Schwann cells were in contact each other. The growth rate of neuron was about 10-30 micrometer/h using Axon Analyzer System(R). CONCLUSION: We postulated that NCAM may play an important role in neural cell adhesion, myelination, fasciculation and ganglion formation. But PSA did not express the adhesive function of NCAM ; its absence may have been due to developmental reason. The differential expression of NCAM in the Schwann cells may indicate its different immunocytochemical characteristics and functions as shown in the CNS glial cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.