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Objective::To understand the resources distribution and varieties of crude drug Coptis chinensis Franch. on Chinese market to provide scientific basis for the resource conservation and variety collection and studies of the Chinese medicine. Methods:On the basis of literature survey, field investigation, mandatory survey and interview survey were conducted. Results:Due to the chan-ges in environment for many years and the predatory development in Coptis resources at the end of 20th century, the ecological environ-ment of wild Coptis resources changed significantly with destructed resources and decreased reserves, especially wild Yalian and Yun-lian were on the verge of extinction. The mainstream product on Chinese market was Weilian followed by Yunlian mainly used in small-scale medical clinic and medicine market in the distribution area, while Yalian commodity medicine could not found. Conclusion::The supply and demand on Coptis market should be stabilized to ensure herbalist interests. The production technology of Coptis need further improvement, cultivated area and suitable variety should be confirmed to guarantee the quality of Coptis medicinal materials. State should pay attention to the changes in Coptis resources and strengthen protection for wild Coptis resources to ensure the sustainable development of Coptis resources. Relevant government departments should guide the production of Coptis reasonably.
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Ten flavonoids were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the seeds of Alpinia galanga Willd. with a combination of various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. On the basis of spectroscopic data analysis, they were elucidated as (2R, 3S)-pinobaksin-3-cinnamate (1), (2R, 3R)-pinobaksin-3-cinnamate (2), pinocembrin (3), pinobaksin (4), 3-O-acetylpinobaksin (5), galangin (6), galangin-3-methylether (7), kumatakenin (8), 3-methylkaempferol (9) and (2R, 3R)-3, 5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (10). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, compounds 2, 5 and 10 were isolated from the genus Alpinia for the first time, and others were isolated from this plant for the first time.
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This study was aimed to show the extraction research of cpDNA in Gentiana straminea Maxim. and G. crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk., which will increase the knowledge about the chloroplast genome sequence characteris-tics, understand its genetic diversity and improve the efficiency of breeding schemes. G. straminea Maxim. and G. crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk. were taken as study objects. The improved sucrose-gradient centrifugation and purifica-tion methods were used to obtain the cpDNA, measure the concentration, detect the OD value, and amplify the ITS2 sequence to verify the nucleus pollution. The results showed that the high quality and purity cpDNA (0.1 - 0.4 μg/10 g) was demonstrated without other pollution after ITS2 sequence amplification, which met to the subsequent effi-cient sequencing of chloroplast genomes. The purity and mass have an important influence on the accuracy and cred-ibility of the cp genome sequencing. It was concluded that this study improved the sucrose-gradient centrifugation and purification with great effect of the purity and mass of cpDNA, and guaranteed the obtaining of complete cpDNA of Gentiana.
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In this review, the authors summarized the new technologies and methods for identifying traditional Chinese medicinal materials, including molecular identification, chemical identification, morphological identification, microscopic identification and identification based on biological effects. The authors introduced the principle, characteristics, application and prospect on each new technology or method and compared their advantages and disadvantages. In general, new methods make the result more objective and accurate. DNA barcoding technique and spectroscopy identification have their owner obvious strongpoint in universality and digitalization. In the near future, the two techniques are promising to be the main trend for identifying traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The identification techniques based on microscopy, liquid chromatography, PCR, biological effects and DNA chip will be indispensable supplements. However, the bionic identification technology is just placed in the developing stage at present.
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DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Objective To assess the preventive effect of artesunate against reinfection of Schistosoma japonicum.Methods Volunteers were divided into 3 groups,Medication Group Ⅰ took artesunate 6 mg/kg ,once a week for 4 weeks,Medication Group Ⅱ took artesunate 6 mg/kg in the 1st and 3rd week,twice a week,and a control group was given a placebo.The 3 teams took praziquantel 40 mg/kg on the 4th weekend.The effects of artesunate in early treatment were observed at the 8th weekend,and the preventive effects of artesunate against reinfection were assessed at the 12th weekend.The positive rate of fecal examination was used as the indicator.Results In the stage of early treatment,the positive rates of fecal examination in Medication Group Ⅰ ,Ⅱdecreased significantly compared with the data before the study with all P values less than 0.05 ;in the stage of preventing reinfection,compared with the data before the study,the positive rates of the fecal examination declined significantly in Medication Group Ⅰ,Ⅱ ,with all P values less than 0.05.While in the control group,the positive rates of the fecal examination had no significant changes in the two stages.Conclusions Artesunate has a valid effect against schistosome infections in the early treatment and can prevent residents from reinfection,and the suitable dosage is 6 mg/kg,once a week for 4 weeks.
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Objective To establish the qualitative and quantitative detective methods of Fuyang granules.Methods The TLC methods for identification of Fructus kochiae and Herba solani lyrati were established.A simple HPLC was established for the determination of hydroxysafflor A(HYSA).The mobile phase was methanol-acetonitrile-0.7% phosphoric acid(24:6:70).UV detecting wavelength was at 403 nm.Results Fructus kochiae and Herba solani lyrati could be identified by TLC.HYSA showed a linear relationship at the concentration range of 0.128～1.024 ?g,r =0.999 8.The average recovery was 99.52% and RSD= 1.97%(n = 5).Conclusion The method can be used for qualitative identification and quantization determination of Fuyang granules.
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0. 05), but both less than that of the lower or stirring excrement (P
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Objective To explore the rela ti onship between the environmental temperature and the oxygen demand of [WT5” BX]Oncomelania snails, and the relationship between the hiber nation or aestivation and the oxygen demand of snails.Me thods The oxygen demand of Oncomelaniasnails between 0 ℃ and 40 ℃ was determined by increasing the temperature gradually in lab, the relationship between the environmental tempera ture and the oxygen demand, and the correlative relationship between the oxygen demand and the percentage of snails in hibernation or aestivation were analysed. Results The oxygen demand increased as the tem perature rose between 1 ℃ and 36 ℃, and the regression equation between the oxygen demand and the variation of environmental temperature was [WT5”BX ]=6.6?10 -5-3?10 -6x+4.4?10 -6x2-8?10 -8x 3(R2=0.998,F=2775,P
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Objective To understand the e ff ectiveness of parasite ova sediment and non-hazardous treatment of two-grille la trines. Methods Two-grille latrines were recon n oitered in the field according to the non-hazardous treatment criteria, and th e sediment of parasite ova, the value of fecal coliform bacteria, NH 3-N, CODcr of the samples from the Grille 1 and Grille 2 of latrines were detected.Results The structure of some two-grille latrines was n o t in accord with the non-hazardous treatment criteria.Parasite ova were detecte d from the Grille 2 of one latrine. Six of 16 latrines were not eligible for non -ha zardous treatment according to the value of fecal coliform bacteria in Grille 2. Conclusion It is not suggested to popularize th e two-grille latrine yet, but it can be used as an interim form for excrement n on-hazardous treatment in rural areas. [
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Objective To develop two-grille latrines with the effect of non-hazardous treatment. Methods According to the result of the pretest, one type of two-grille latrines was selected and constructed and its effect of non-hazardous treatment was evaluated. Results The faces-treatment pool, with cement-prefab structure and obturation, had a total cubage of 1.32 m3. The average total amount of faces in the pool was 1.05 m3 per family per month, and the pool could store the faces for over 34 days. The “reaching criteria rate” of the parasite ova sediment and the value of the fecal coliform bacteria were 100% among the excrement in the outlet. Conclusions The prefab two-grille latrines can reach the criteria of non-hazardous treatment, and they can be used in well-off rural areas without the usage of manure.
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0.05). There were significant differences among 3- or 6- or 9- or 12-hour groups and 24- or 36-hour groups in 6, 13 ℃ and 28 ℃ respectively (P