ABSTRACT
Introduction: Management of chronic Hepatitis C and its complications is a major concern for physicians. Peripheral neuropathy is a disease affecting the nerves, and is one of the complications of Hepatitis C
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in chronic hepatitis-C patients. Study design and duration: The type of study is a cross-sectional study, which was conducted over a period of one month from 01-11-2015 to 30-11-2015
Setting: The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan
Sample size and procedure: The study population consisted of a random sample group of 139 Hepatitis C positive patients who presented to the Internal Medicine Department either via out-patient clinic or via emergency. After due informed consent, variable such as demographic data and type and degree of neuropathy were recorded. All the Hepatitis-C patients who presented to us during that time were evaluated clinically, serologically and electrophysiologically. Data Analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20
Results: Out of the total study population of n= 139 patients peripheral neuropathy was present in n= 77 [55.39%] of the patient population; n= 3 [2.15%] had sensory type of neuropathy, n=13 [9.35%] had motor neuropathy and n= 61 [43.88%] had mixed type of neuropathy
Conclusion: According to the results of our study there is a significant association of peripheral neuropathy with hepatitis C in patients in South Asian population as more than hald of the participants had some form of peripheral neuropathy.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate changes in serum lipoproteins in primiparous women with eclampsia and compare it with pregnant women having normal blood pressure
Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 65 primiparous eclamptic patients and 21 normotensive pregnant women in the tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. History of each woman was recorded on a questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured using standard methods. About 5 ml of venous blood was drawn for the analysis of lipoproteins
The data was analyzed using computer software package SPSS version 10. The P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results: Mean age of hypertensive cases was 23.2 +/- 0.52 years while that for controls was 23.9 +/- 1.16 years. Significant differences were found in serum lipoproteins. Women having eclampsia had 28.8%, 29.5%, 31.1%, 32.9% and 65.3% higher, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDLC], triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol [TC]:high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDLC] ratio, LDLCiHDLC ratio and TG:HDLC ratio respectively as compared to the control group. The HDLC concentrations, HDLC:VLDLC ratio and apolipoprotein-A1 level were 26.9%, 56.6% and 27.9% respectively, lower in the patient group as compared to the controls
Conclusion: This study suggests that evaluation of lipoprotein concentrations during antenatal period can be helpful in the early detection and prevention of developing eclampsia
ABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of ABO blood group and Rhesus [Rh] D antigen in the females of "District" Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 429 women having pregnancy induced hypertension, admitted in the three teaching hospitals of Peshawar, over a period of one year. Blood sample was collected from each subject after taking informed consent. The antigen antibody agglutination slide test for "blood grouping [ABO]" and RhD factors was done by using IgM and IgG monoclonal reagents. The antisera used were from Biolaboratory, USA. Data was analyzed for percentage calculation. The blood group distribution was 134 [31.2%], 43 [10.1%], 116 [27%], 136 [31.7%] for blood groups A, AB, O and B, respectively. Subjects having blood group B was slightly more dominant, followed by A and O, while blood group AB was rare in these females. Blood group A Rh negative is more in female 12 [37.5%] followed by group O 10 [31.3%], group B 09 [28.1%] and group AB 01 [3.1%].Frequency of "Rh-positive blood group" is B, A, O and AB, whereas the frequency of the most common Rh-negative blood group are A, O, B and AB respectively. The determination of the frequency of blood groups in the region would not only help in blood transfusion services, but also reduce the risk of erythroblastosis foetalis in the neonates
ABSTRACT
To compare the hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle and glimepiride -a sulphonylurea in a type 2 diabetes mellitus induced male mice model. Randomized control trial. This study was carried out in the animal house of National Institute of Health [NIH], Islamabad from 7th November 2013 till 21st January 2014. Fifty albino Balb/C male mice were divided randomly into groups I-V [n=10]. Group I served as normal control group. In rest of the forty mice from group II-V, type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by administration of high fat diet [HFD] for two weeks followed by low dose [40 mg/kg] intra-peritoneal streptozotocin [STZ] injections for four consecutive days. Group II served as the disease control group, group III received the aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle in dose of 50 mg/kg body wt. while group IV received the aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle in dose of 100 mg/kg body wt. Group V was administered glimepiride in a dose of 2mg/kg body wt. herb extract and the drug was given orally once a day. Samples were taken at the end of five weeks for blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbAlc%].The blood samples estimated for fasting blood glucose [FBG] and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbAlc%] levels showed that the aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle in a high dose [100 mg/kg body wt.] showed the maximum lowering of FBG and HbAlc% levels followed by its low dose [50 mg/kg body wt.] Glimepiride also lowered the FBG and HbAlc% to normal limits but its extent was less than the aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle. The aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle lowers the FBG and HbAlc levels in a type 2 diabetes induced male mice in a dose dependent manner
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the frequency of depression among patients with type-II diabetes mellitus in Peshawar at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from March to September 2010. Depression was assessed by using Beck Depressive Inventory-II [BDI-II]. Out of 140 patients with type-II diabetes, 85 [61%] were women and 55 [39%] were men. Mean age was 45 +/- 7.45 years. Eighty four [60%] patients presented with severe depression. Depression was higher in females than males and widows. Depression was high in diabetic patients, especially in females and widows. It is of essence that psychiatric attention may be necessary to be incorporated in diabetes care both for prevention and treatment