ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aims of the current study were to determine the prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression, and to explore associated factors among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Subjects and Methods: All patients with type 2 diabetes [160 patients] who were admitted to the Internal Medicine Wards of the King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January to August 2015 were asked to participate, and 158 patients agreed to do so. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of 2 parts was used. The first part was on sociodemographic information, and the second part was a validated screening tool for assessing depression and anxiety. The severity of anxiety and depression was classified as normal, mild, moderate, and severe. Logistic regression was carried out to identify variables that were independently associated with anxiety and depression
Results: Using the screening tool, 85 [53.8%] and 80 [50.6%] study patients were identified as patients who suffered from depression and anxiety, respectively. The severity of distress was moderate/severe in 36 [42.4%] patients with depression and 41 [51.3%] patients with anxiety. The factors independently associated with the risk for anxiety in hospitalized patients with diabetes were physical inactivity and staying 8 days or longer in the hospital. On the other hand, factors that were independently associated with the risk for depression were older age, low income, and nephropathy
Conclusion: The majority of hospitalized patients with diabetes developed moderate/severe anxiety or depression, or both, during hospitalization. Hence, screening for anxiety and depression in high-risk hospitalized diabetic patients is recommended during hospitalization
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of polypharmacy [PP] and the associated factors in medical outpatients. A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was carried out in adult medical outpatients attending internal medicine clinics at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from 1 March 2009 to 31 December 2009. PP was defined as the concomitant use of >/= 5 medications daily. The number of medications being currently taken by patient was recorded. Effect of patients' age, gender, educational level, number of prescribers, disease load and disease type on PP was assessed by multivariate analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Incorporated [SPSS Inc] Version 18. Out of 766 patients included in the study, 683 [89%] had PP. The mean number of prescribed medications, oral pills and doses was 8.8, 9.6 and 12.1, respectively. Factors significantly associated with PP included age [>/= 61 years], disease load and the number of prescribers. Gender had no impact on PP while education beyond primary education significantly decreased PP. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia alone and as a cluster increased PP. We found an extremely high level of PP in medical outpatients at our tertiary care center. The impact of PP on medication compliance and control of underlying diseases in Saudi Arabia is unknown and needs to be studied at different levels of care