ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency of HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis and malaria in blood donors at Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health [ICH], Lahore and compare with other local and international published data
Study Design: Descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: This was conducted at the blood bank of Children's Hospital and ICH, Lahore from October 2015 to February 2016. Patient and Methods: All adult male blood donors who had donated blood during above mentioned period, between 18 to 55 years of age were included in this study. Each and every donor was subjected to a predetermined, prepared questionnaire to find out their eligibility for donation. All blood donors' serum samples were screened for HBsAg, Anti-HCV, syphilis, HIV and malaria by immuno chromatography technique according to manufacturer instruction
Results: Statistical analysis showed that out of 10,048 blood donors, 7.94% [n=798] were infected with any one of the above mentioned diseases and 92.05% [n=9,250] had no infection. The overall frequency of HBsAg, HCV, HIV, syphilis and malaria were found to be 1.59%, 3.75%, 0.11%, 2.08% and 0.39% respectively. The co-infections of HCV + Syphilis, HBsAg + HCV, HBsAg + Syphilis, HCV + malarial parasite [M.P] and HBsAg + HIV + syphilis was 0.12%, 0.11%, 0.01% and 0.0099% respectively
Conclusion: There is a decreasing trend of HBsAg, HCV infections but increasing trend of HIV and syphilis infections in blood donors that is an alarming situation
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency of HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis and malaria in blood donors at Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health [ICH], Lahore and compare with other local and international published data
Study Design: Descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: This was conducted at the blood bank of Children's Hospital and ICH, Lahore from October 2015 to February 2016
Patient and Methods: All adult male blood donors who had donated blood during above mentioned period, between 18 to 55 years of age were included in this study. Each and every donor was subjected to a predetermined, prepared questionnaire to find out their eligibility for donation. All blood donors' serum samples were screened for HBsAg, Anti-HCV, syphilis, HIV and malaria by immuno chromatography technique according to manufacturer instruction
Results: Statistical analysis showed that out of 10,048 blood donors, 7.94% [n=798] were infected with any one of the above mentioned diseases and 92.05% [n=9,250] had no infection. The overall frequency of HBsAg, HCV, HIV, syphilis and malaria were found to be 1.59%, 3.75%, 0.11%, 2.08% and 0.39% respectively. The co-infections of HCV + Syphilis, HBsAg + HCV, HBsAg + Syphilis, HCV + malarial parasite [M.P] and HBsAg + HIV + syphilis was 0.12%, 0.11%, 0.01% and 0.0099% respectively
Conclusion: There is a decreasing trend of HBsAg, HCV infections but increasing trend of HIV and syphilis infections in blood donors that is an alarming situation
ABSTRACT
Background: Operative notes are an important element of documentation based quality management for clinical practice. Often narrated by surgeons, they are usually penned by hand and are crucial in case of medical and legal consequences
Objective: To assess the operative notes at a tertiary care hospital and compare them to the standards set by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Methods: An observational prospective study carried out in the department of general surgery over a time period of one month from June to July, 2014. Sixty operative notes including general surgery, urology, orthopedics and neurosurgery were included in this study and were assessed according to published guidelines of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Results: A total of 60 operative notes were reviewed. All of them were handwritten, out of which 40 [66.7%] were written by the operating surgeon. None of the notes mentioned the time of the surgery and the type of surgery and had no diagrams to illustrate the operative findings. Almost all [96.7%] included the patients name and the procedure performed [95%] and only 66.7% mentioned the operative findings. Incomplete post-operative instructions were present in all the notes that were studied
Conclusion: Several areas were highlighted, that lacked essential information in the operative notes, including the time of the procedure, type of surgery, instructions for postoperative care, operative diagnosis, findings, and complications during the procedure indicating that the operative notes were incomplete and inadequate in many respects